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. 2013 Apr 23;2:e12. doi: 10.1017/jns.2013.3

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© The Author(s) 2013

The online version of this article is published within an Open Access environment subject to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/>. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use.

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Fig. 2. — Changes in the urinary excretion of thiamine (A), riboflavin (B), 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PIC) (C), vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin) (D), nicotinamide (Nam) and its metabolites (E), pantothenic acid (PaA) (F), folate (G) and biotin (H) in male Wistar rats (aged 7 weeks) fed a vitamin-free diet (•) or a control diet (○) for 5 d. Each day, 24 h urine samples (09.00–09.00 hours) were collected. Values are means for five rats, with standard errors represented by vertical bars. ^a,b,c Mean values with unlike letters for the group fed the vitamin-free diet were significantly different (P < 0·05; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple-comparison tests).