Table 4.
Concentrations of blood lipids, inflammatory and CVD markers before (pre) and after (post) consuming n-3 PUFA and n-3 PUFA + fish gelatine (FG) for 8 weeks in insulin-resistant males and females*
(Mean values with their standard errors)
| n-3 PUFA (n 15) | n-3 PUFA + FG (n 15) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | ∆ | Pre | Post | ∆ | ||||||||
| Mean | sem | Mean | sem | Mean | sem | Mean | sem | Mean | sem | Mean | sem | P† | |
| Blood lipids (mm) | |||||||||||||
| Total cholesterol | 5·78 | 0·34 | 5·55 | 0·28 | −0·23 | 0·12 | 5·45 | 0·28 | 5·41 | 0·30 | −0·04 | 0·10 | 0·22 |
| TAG | 1·49 | 0·13 | 1·23 | 0·10 | −0·26 | 0·10 | 1·50 | 0·15 | 1·24 | 0·13 | −0·26 | 0·10 | 0·98 |
| HDL-cholesterol | 1·07 | 0·04 | 1·12 | 0·05 | 0·05 | 0·03 | 1·03 | 0·05 | 1·13 | 0·06 | 0·09 | 0·03 | 0·18 |
| LDL-cholesterol | 4·03 | 0·30 | 3·87 | 0·26 | −0·16 | 0·08 | 3·73 | 0·23 | 3·72 | 0·26 | −0·02 | 0·09 | 0·22 |
| Total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio | 5·54 | 0·47 | 5·12 | 0·40 | −0·42 | 0·13 | 5·46 | 0·44 | 5·00 | 0·45 | −0·46 | 0·10 | 0·79 |
| Inflammatory and CVD markers | |||||||||||||
| MCP-1 (pg/ml)* | 672 | 42 | 685 | 46 | 13 | 53 | 597 | 58 | 651 | 42 | 54 | 36 | 0·17 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml)* | 6·83 | 1·41 | 5·88 | 0·71 | −0·96 | 0·88 | 4·92 | 0·50 | 5·34 | 0·49 | 0·42 | 0·45 | 0·23 |
| hsCRP (mg/l)* | 1·64 | 0·36 | 1·65 | 0·43 | 0·00 | 0·21 | 1·78 | 0·35 | 1·74 | 0·54 | −0·04 | 0·31 | 0·81 |
| IL-1ra (pg/ml) | 116 | 8 | 115 | 11 | −1 | 8 | 120 | 9 | 114 | 7 | −6 | 6 | 0·65 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 123·6 | 39·7 | 86·8 | 28·7 | −36·8 | 39·0 | 105·9 | 30·8 | 63·0 | 25·5 | −42·9 | 31·1 | 0·99 |
| PAI-1 (ng/ml) | 2·49 | 0·45 | 3·69 | 0·74 | 1·20 | 0·65 | 1·96 | 0·47 | 3·41 | 0·54 | 1·45 | 0·37 | 0·76 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 14·1 | 1·3 | 14·7 | 1·6 | 0·56 | 0·73 | 14·3 | 1·4 | 14·2 | 1·57 | −0·06 | 0·51 | 0·42 |
| Homocysteine (μmol/l) | 10·24 | 0·45 | 9·69 | 0·46 | −0·55 | 0·39 | 9·57 | 0·58 | 9·93 | 0·43 | 0·36 | 0·46 | 0·12 |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 16·2 | 2·7 | 14·8 | 2·5 | −1·4 | 1·0 | 17·7 | 3·7 | 15·9 | 2·7 | −1·8 | 2·0 | 0·79 |
| Cystatin C (mg/l) | 0·76 | 0·03 | 0·73 | 0·03 | −0·03 | 0·01 | 0·73 | 0·03 | 0·71 | 0·03 | −0·02 | 0·02 | 0·62 |
| Resistin (ng/ml) | 25·5 | 2·5 | 37·2 | 4·6 | 11·8 | 3·0 | 26·5 | 2·6 | 33·7 | 4·10 | 7·2 | 3·5 | 0·32 |
| Serum amyloid A (μg/ml) | 84·6 | 37·3 | 50·3 | 6·5 | −34·3 | 37·1 | 113·9 | 60·7 | 65·3 | 11·0 | −48·6 | 62·0 | 0·35 |
| Myeloperoxidase (pg/ml) | 40·8 | 11·6 | 79·1 | 29·4 | 38·3 | 19·4 | 43·0 | 9·0 | 65·5 | 15·9 | 22·5 | 15·9 | 0·42 |
| ADMA* (μg/l) | 86·5 | 2·6 | 112·2 | 14·8 | 25·7 | 14·4 | 82·9 | 4·4 | 98·9 | 10·8 | 15·9 | 11·6 | 0·47 |
MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; hsCRP, highly sensitive C-reactive protein; IL-1ra, IL-1 receptor antagonist; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine.
*
n 14 for ADMA, MCP-1 and TNF-α, n 13 for hsCRP.
† P values refer to comparisons between changes induced by the n-3 PUFA and n-3 PUFA + FG treatments (ANOVA for crossover design with two periods).