Table 5.
Sociodemographic and life-style factors associated with adherence to the major dietary patterns among Pakistani adults (n 5491)
(β Coefficients and 95 % confidence intervals)
| Fat and sweet | Fruit and vegetable | Seafood and yogurt | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β† | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI | |
| Age (years) | −0·02** | −0·03, 0·00 | −0·02** | −0·03, 0·00 | 0·01 | 0·01, −0·01 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female (n 2991) | 0 | Reference | 0 | Reference | 0 | Reference |
| Male (n 2500) | −0·04** | −0·07, –0·01 | −0·02 | −0·05, 0·01 | −0·04** | −0·06, –0·02 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married (n 3638) | 0 | Reference | 0 | Reference | 0 | Reference |
| Single/bachelor (n 1273) | 0·08** | 0·02, 0·14 | 0·01 | −0·06, 0·07 | 0·02 | −0·02, 0·07 |
| Divorced/widowed/separated (n 580) | −0·06 | −0·13, 0·01 | −0·09* | −0·16, −0·02 | −0·03 | −0·07, 0·02 |
| Formal education | ||||||
| Graduate and above (n 662) | 0 | Reference | 0 | Reference | 0 | Reference |
| Secondary–intermediate (n 1676) | 0·04 | −0·04, 0·12 | −0·10 | −0·19, 0·01 | −0·01 | −0·06, 0·05 |
| Primary–middle (n 1737) | 0·05 | −0·03, 0·13 | −0·21** | −0·30, −0·12 | 0·03 | −0·03, 0·08 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | −0·04** | −0·07, –0·01 | 0·04** | 0·01, 0·07 | −0·01 | 0·01, −0·02 |
| Tobacco use | ||||||
| No (n 3342) | 0 | Reference | 0 | Reference | 0 | Reference |
| Yes (n 2149) | −0·02 | −0·08, 0·03 | −0·14** | −0·19, −0·08 | −0·04* | −0·08, 0·00 |
| Physical activity (MET h/week) | ||||||
| >10 (n 2501) | 0 | Reference | 0 | Reference | 0 | Reference |
| 10 to 5 (n 883) | −0·05 | −0·11, 0·02 | 0·04 | −0·03, 0·11 | −0·09** | −0·13, –0·04 |
| <5 (n 2102) | −0·12** | −0·17, –0·08 | 0·02 | −0·03, 0·07 | −0·17** | −0·20, –0·14 |
MET, metabolic equivalent task.
* P < 0·05, ** P < 0·01·
† The β regression coefficient was calculated using a linear regression model, adjusted for age and sex. For age and BMI the β coefficient has been multiplied by 10 to improve the interpretability of small β values for readers.