Panel A: reproductive cyclicity in sheep during the first and second breeding seasons (assessed via twice weekly progesterone measures) in control, T60–90, and T30–90 females (modified from Birch et al., 2003). Panel B: percentage of T60–90 females becoming pregnant (modified from Steckler et al., 2007b). Panel C: percent of control (C), over-fed control (OFC), T30–90, and overfed T30–90 (OFT) females that showed a luteal progesterone increase after estrus synchronization with 2 injections of PGF2α, 11 d apart. Note the sub- and short luteal phases in T-treated females and anovulatory nature of nearly all overfed T30–90 females (modified from Steckler et al., 2009). Abbreviations used: T30–90: females prenatally treated with testosterone (T) from d 30 to 90 of gestation, T60–90: females prenatally treated with testosterone (T) from d 60 to 90 of gestation, and PGF2α: prostaglandin F2α.