Table 3. Crude associations of biomarkers and the CHADS₂, CHA₂DS₂-VASc and HAS-BLED score with unfavourable 30-day outcome of ischemic stroke, predictive ability of each biomarker or score, and pairwise comparisons of each biomarker and stroke risk score predictive ability.

					Predictive ability			Pairwise comparison
		OR	95%CI	P	c-statistic	95%CI	P	z-statistic	P
	Biomarker
1	CRP	3.9	2.9–5.3	<0.001	0.853	0.802–0.895	<0.001	0.335 (1 vs. 2)	0.7390
	quartiles	5.8	3.5–9.5	<0.001	0.795	0.738–0.844	<0.001	1.678 (1 vs. 3)	0.0934
								4.616 (1 vs. 4)	<0.001
								5.641 (1 vs. 5)	<0.001
								6.081 (1 vs. 6)	<0.001
2	Fibrinogen	61.7	21.1–180.7	<0.001	0.848	0.796–0.891	<0.001	1.536 (2 vs. 3)	0.1246
	quartiles	4.2	1.9–6.0)	<0.001	0.835	0.781–0.879	<0.001	4.312 (2 vs. 4)	<0.001
								5.530 (2 vs. 5)	<0.001
								5.549 (2 vs. 6)	<0.001
3	TnI	3.2	2.3–4.4	<0.001	0.792	0.736–0.842	<0.001	3.249 (3 vs. 4)	0.0012
	quartiles	2.7	2.0–3.7	<0.001	0.767	0.705–0.830	<0.001	3.441 (3 vs. 5)	0.0006
								3.847 (3 vs. 6)	0.0001
4	D-dimer	1.9	1.4–2.5	<0.001	0.642	0.578–0.703	<0.001	0.371 (4 vs. 5)	0.7109
	quartiles	1.6	1.2–2.0	<0.001	0.636	0.572–0.697	<0.001	0.626 (4 vs. 6)	0.5313
5	WBC	1.2	1.1–1.5	0.010	0.622	0.558–0.684	0.001	0.236 (5 vs. 6)	0.8134
	quartiles	1.3	1.1–1.7	<0.001	0.593	0.528–0.656	0.009
6	CrCl	0.09	0.04–0.59	0.012	0.610	0.545–0.672	0.004
	quartiles	0.7	0.5–0.7	0.007	0.601	0.536–0.664	0.006
	Stroke risk score
7	CHA2DS2-VASc	7.9	4.6–13.4	<0.001	0.932	0.892–0.960	<0.001	4.265 (7 vs. 8)	<0.001
8	CHADS2	10.8	5.6–21.0	<0.001	0.872	0.823–0.912	<0.001	3.834 (8 vs. 9)	<0.001
9	HAS-BLED	2.8	2.0–3.8	<0.001	0.750	0.690–0.804	<0.001	5.674 (7 vs. 9)	<0.001
								z-statistic	P
	CHA2DS2-				CHA2DS2-VASc vs. CRP			2.963	0.0030
	VASc score vs. biomarkers				CHA2DS2-VASc vs. Fibrinogen			2.961	0.0031
					CHA2DS2-VASc vs. TnI			3.977	0.0001

OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval.

Only biomarkers with p<0.01 regarding unfavourable 30-day functional stroke outcome are shown.

CRP, C-reactive protein; WBC, white blood cell count; CrCl, creatinine clearance; CHA₂DS₂-VASc, congestive heart failure or left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or TIA, vascular disease (including myocardial infarction and peripheral artery disease), age >65 years, female gender (1 point each, age ≥75 years and prior stroke/TIA 2 points each); CHADS₂, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or TIA (1 point each, prior stroke/TIA 2 points); HAS-BLED, hypertension, abnormal renal or liver function, prior stroke, labile INRs (International Normalized Ratio), elderly (>65 years), concomitant drugs or alcohol use.