Figure 5. Cell-surface coupling versus ratchet asymmetry.

Variation in the strength of the cell-surface coupling asymmetry γ_π/γ₀ with increasing ratchet asymmetry C_α for all 7 types of surfaces measured in the current study. Error bars for the ratchet angle ratios C_α represent experimental uncertainties obtained from the standard deviations of measured ratchet angles via AFM. Error bars for the coupling asymmetry γ_π/γ₀ represent uncertainties obtained from the fit of the normalized angular distributions with Eq. 3.