Table 4. Information about RT.
| Studies | Source or Technique | Dose | Clinical target volume |
| HH Ma [23] |
60Co- rays, 6-MV X-rays of linear accelerator |
median: 54 Gy; per fraction: 1.8–2.0 Gy | bilateral nasal cavities, paranasal sinus |
| GE Kim [24] |
60Co- rays, 4-MV X-rays |
total: 20–70 Gy; per fraction: 1.8–2.0 Gy | the involved areas with adequate margins |
| K Kim [25] |
60Co- rays,4/6-MV photo beams; three-field technique or bilateral parallel-opposed fields |
median:50 Gy; per fraction: 1.8/2.0 Gy | all gross lesions and sites of potential contiguous spread with adequate margins |
| A. Avilé s [28] | a photo beam of 6.0; IMRT, 3DCRT | a total dose of 55 Gy in 25 fractions ver 5 weeks | limited cases: bilateral nasal cavity, nasopharynx, frontal ethmoid sinus, ipsilateral maxillary; extended cases: paranasal sinus, other adjacent organ structures |
| SY Li [29] | NR | NR | NR |
| JL Luo [30] | 6-MV X-rays linear accelerator; IMRT, 3DCRT | ≥50 Gy: 117 patients; <50 Gy: 11 patients; per fraction: 1.8–2.0 Gy | both nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus |
| A Chauchet [31] | a linear accelerator with 4/6/10-MV photos | median: 40 Gy | all macroscopic lesions, paranasal sinus, nasopharynx, upper gum and palate with adequate margins |
| YX Li[32] | NR | primary tumor: 50 to 56 Gy; residual disease: 5 to 10 Gy; per fraction: 1.8–2.0 Gy | nasal cavity, ipsilateral maxillary sinus, bilateral ethmoid sinus, anatomically adjacent regions |
| YX Li[33] | 6 MV linear accelerator | median: 50 Gy; per fraction: 2.0 Gy | Waldeyer ring, adjacent organs or structures with disease extension |
| MJ Huang [34] |
60Co- rays, 6-MV photo beams |
median: 50 Gy; per fraction: 2.0 Gy | all involved area and sites of potential contiguous spread with adequate margins |
| SJ Kim [35] | NR | total: 44–60 Gy; per fraction: 1.8–2.0 Gy | involved-field |
| K Isobe [36] | 60Co unit, 4/6/10-MV linear accelerator | median: 50 Gy | all macroscopic lesions, paranasal sinus, nasopharynx, upper gum and palate with adequate margins |
| IWK Tham [37] | 6-MV linear accelerator | median: 50 Gy; per fraction: 1.8–2.0 Gy | gross tumor volume using diagnostic CT scans of the head and neck with a margin of 1.5–2.0 cm |
| CC Li [38] | 6-MV linear accelerator | total: 40–50 Gy; per fraction: 1.8–2.0 Gy | involved primary area with adequate margins |
| MM Cheung [39] | 3 fields with 2 lateral opposing photo fields and an anterior photo or electron field | median: 50 Gy; per fraction:1.5– 2.5 Gy | both nasal cavity and nasopharynx, paranasal sinus, and 1 to 2 cm beyond tumor defined by imaging scans |
| V Ribrag [40] | NR | total: 35–70 Gy | the initial involved areas |
| YX Li[41] | 6/8-MV linear accelerator | median: 50 Gy; per fraction: 2.0 Gy | Stage I: nasal cavity, ipsilateral maxillary/ethmoid sinus; Stage II: extend to encompass involved paranasal tissues |
RT: radiotherapy; IMRT intensity-modulated radiotherapy; 3DCRT three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy; MV megavolt; NR: not reported.