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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 3.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Surg. 2010 Jul;252(1):149–157. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181df0401

TABLE 4.

Patient and EMS Characteristics: Transported Penetrating Traumatic Injury

Alabama Dallas Iowa Ottawa-OPALS Pittsburgh Portland Seattle–King County Toronto Vancouver ROC Total
N 89 156 26 67 81 26 202 75 58 781
Age, median (IQR) 30 (21) 30 (21) 30 (30) 37 (22) 25 (14) 27 (32) 28 (17) 23 (9) 27 (20) 28 (18)
Gender: % male 84.3 82.7 80.8 77.6 87.7 80.8 82.7 88.0 94.8 84.3
Injury mechanism
 Cut/pierce/stab 22.5% 22.4% 46.2% 88.1% 13.6% 38.5% 48.0% 57.3% 50.0% 40.7%
 Gunshot 71.9% 72.4% 34.6% 4.5% 71.6% 30.8% 40.1% 29.3% 37.9% 48.7%
 Other mechanism 0.0% 1.3% 0.0% 0.0% 3.7% 0.0% 5.9% 12.0% 0.0% 3.3%
Field characteristics
 SBP ≤90 65.2% 66.7% 34.6% 58.2% 72.8% 19.2% 38.6% 78.7% 60.3% 57.1%
 RR <10 or >29 37.1% 26.3% 61.5% 31.3% 43.2% 46.2% 26.7% 32.0% 53.4% 55.5%
 Advanced airway 20.2% 28.2% 19.2% 10.4% 12.3% 34.6% 58.4% 20.0% 46.6% 32.5%
 GCS ≤12 59.6% 62.2% 46.2% 38.8% 48.1% 73.1% 29.2% 37.3% 63.8% 47.2%
Transport type
 Ground 89.9% 98.1% 100.0% 100.0% 95.1% 100.0% 97.5% 100.0% 96.6% 97.1%
 Air 10.1% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 4.9% 0.0% 2.5% 0.0% 3.4% 2.9%
Advanced airway
 Oral/nasal ET 29.2% 23.7% 19.2% 10.4% 18.5% 38.5% 56.9% 21.3% 46.6% 33.2%
 Cricothyrotomy 0.0% 0.6% 7.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 0.0% 1.7% 0.8%
 Other 0.0% 4.5% 0.0% 0.0% 6.2% 26.9% 41.1% 0.0% 0.0% 13.1%
 None 70.8% 73.1% 73.1% 89.6% 79.0% 61.5% 41.1% 78.7% 51.7% 64.9%
Paralyzed/sedated 1.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.5% 15.4% 32.2% 0.0% 19.0% 10.6%
Hemorrhage control 48.3% 17.3% 61.5% 65.7% 24.7% 7.7% 30.7% 26.7% 48.3% 33.5%

EMS indicates emergency medical service; IQR, interquartile range; SBP, systolic blood pressure; RR, respiratory rate; GCS, Glasgow Coma Score; ALS, advanced life support; ET, endotracheal tube.