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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 4.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2013 Nov 22;0(2):137–147. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32215

TABLE III.

Pairwise Analysis of Cognitive Domains Assessed in Computerized Neurocognitive Battery

Groups A vs. group B Measurea Df Accuracy
Speed
F or tb P-value Cohen’s dc F or tb P-value Cohen’s dc
22q-CHD vs. 22q-noCHD
Overall 1, 51 1.70 0.20 — 3.55 0.06 —
Executive function 51 0.72 0.47 0.20 −0.78 0.44 −0.21
Memory 50 1.02 0.31 0.28 −1.35 0.18 −0.38
Complex cognition 51 0.39 0.70 0.11 0.55 0.59 0.15
Social cognition 50 1.88 0.07 0.52 −0.74 0.47 −0.20
Praxis speed 52 −0.79 0.44 −0.21
22q-CHD vs. CHD-only
Overall 1, 41 28.96 <0.001d — 1.39 0.24 —
Executive function 41 −2.35 0.02d −0.74 −0.64 0.53 −0.20
Memory 40 −4.41 <0.001d −1.40 −0.61 0.54 −0.19
Complex cognition 41 −4.52 <0.001d −1.43 1.87 0.07 0.59
Social cognition 40 −4.12 <0.001d −1.31 −2.20 0.03d −0.70
Praxis speed 41 −1.14 0.26 −0.36
22q-CHD vs. TD
Overall 1, 73 62.06 <0.001d — 7.48 <0.01d —
Executive functione 73 −5.08 <0.001d −1.22 −1.22 0.23 −0.29
Memory 72 −5.67 <0.001d −1.38 −1.95 0.05 −0.48
Complex cognition 73 −6.11 <0.001d −1.47 0.53 0.60 0.13
Social cognitione 72 −5.60 <0.001d −1.36 −1.63 0.11 −0.40
Praxis speed 73 −1.48 0.14 −0.36
22q-noCHD vs. CHD-only
Overall 1, 40 42.47 <0.001d — 0.02 0.9 —
Executive function 40 −2.96 <0.01d −0.94 0.09 0.93 0.03
Memorye 40 −4.94 <0.001d −1.57 0.54 0.59 0.17
Complex cognition 40 −5.21 <0.001d −1.66 1.38 0.17 0.44
Social cognition 40 −6.38 <0.001d −2.03 −1.38 0.18 −0.44
Praxis speed 41 −0.41 0.68 −0.13
22q-noCHD vs. TD
Overall 1, 72 89.81 <0.001d — 0.14 0.71 —
Executive functione 72 −6.03 <0.001d −1.47 −0.18 0.86 −0.04
Memory 72 −6.64 <0.001d −1.62 0.02 0.98 0.01
Complex cognition 72 −6.82 <0.001d −1.66 −0.14 0.89 −0.03
Social cognition 72 −8.51 <0.001d −2.07 −0.47 0.64 −0.11
Praxis speed 73 −0.43 0.67 −0.10
CHD-only vs. TD
Overall 1, 62 0.09 0.76 — 0.32 0.57 —
Executive function 62 −1.30 0.20 −0.38 −0.30 0.77 −0.09
Memory 62 −0.04 0.97 −0.01 −0.77 0.44 −0.22
Complex cognition 62 0.12 0.91 0.03 −1.79 0.08 −0.52
Social cognition 62 0.23 0.82 0.07 1.71 0.09 0.49
Praxis speed 62 0.14 0.89 0.04
a

Each cognitive domain is a composite score of respective CNB tasks (Executive function = abstraction and mental-flexibility, attention and working memory; Memory = verbal memory, face memory, and spatial memory; Complex cognition = language, non-verbal learning and spatial processing; Social cognition = emotional identification, emotional differentiation and age-differentiation; Praxis speed = sensorimotor and motor).

b

Linear mixed effects model was used to assess the group effect across all measures and subsequently, each cognitive domain was analysized in a pairwise group fashion, using the two-tailed, equal variance t-test.

c

Cohen’s d effect size was calculated by dividing the mean difference (mean of Group A—mean of Group B) by pooled standard deviation; negative value indicates worse performance.

d

Significance with P < 0.05.

e

Analysis without equal variance. TD, typically developing. Df, degrees of freedom.