Table 1.
Baseline participant characteristics in the Strong Heart Study (SHS).
| Characteristic | SHS sample, visit 1 (n = 48) | SHS and SHFSa(n = 517) |
|---|---|---|
| NA, not available. Data are mean ± SD, n (%), or median (IQR). aSHS participants with urinary metal measurements who also participated in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS). bn = 47. cn = 46. dSum of inorganic and methylated arsenic species in urine. | ||
| Age (years) | 54.9 ± 7.2 | 55.0 ± 7.3 |
| Female | 33 (68.7) | 343 (66.3) |
| Education < high school | 19 (39.6) | 214 (41.4) |
| BMI (kg/m2)b | 31.0 ± 5.8 | 31.6 ± 6.0 |
| Waist circumference (cm)c | 105.0 ± 14.0 | 106.7 ±14.3 |
| Percent body fat | 36.8 ± 8.8 | 37.9 ± 8.9 |
| Ever-smokers | 28 (58.3) | 326 (63.1) |
| Cumulative smoking (pack-years)c | 8.5 ± 15.5 | 9.3 ± 17.40 |
| Ever alcohol drinkers | 40 (83.3) | 421 (81.4) |
| Urinary arsenic (μg/g)d | 10.02 (6.32, 16.20) | 8.10 (5.10, 14.6) |
| %iAs | 8.53 (5.53, 10.71) | 7.63 (5.44, 10.30) |
| %MMA | 14.35 (11.02, 17.82) | 13.69 (10.60, 16.93) |
| %DMA | 78.32 (71.27, 81.39) | 78.69 (72.15, 83.14) |
| Cadmium (μg/g) | 0.88 (0.52, 1.45) | 0.92 (0.61, 1.45) |
| Antimony (μg/g) | 0.27 (0.17, 0.46) | 0.22 (0.15, 0.36) |
| Tungsten (μg/g) | 0.13 (0.08, 0.27) | 0.14 (0.07, 0.25) |