Table 2.
Description of the study population in the cohorts included in the main and the extended meta-analysis.
| Study (country) | Participants (n) | Systolic BP (mean ± SD) | Diastolic BP (mean ± SD) | BPLM (%) | Hypertension (%) | Age (mean ± SD) | Men (%) | BMI [kg/m2 (mean ± SD)] | Smokers (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FINRISK (Finland) | 10,318 | 134.1 ± 19.3 | 80.7 ± 11.6 | 12.7 | 41.6 | 48.1 ± 13.2 | 47.0 | 26.4 ± 4.6 | 26.7 |
| HUBRO (Norway) | 16,200 | 130.3 ± 17.8 | 75.0 ± 11.2 | 11.8 | 32.0 | 47.8 ± 15.1 | 44.7 | 25.6 ± 4.1 | 25.4 |
| 60-year-olds (Sweden) | 3,659 | 138.4 ± 21.8 | 84.5 ± 10.6 | 19.6 | 52.7 | 60.4 ± 0.1 | 47.1 | 26.8 ± 4.2 | 19.9 |
| SDPP (Sweden) | 7,535 | 122.8 ± 15.9 | 77.0 ± 10.0 | 5.8 | 24.0 | 47.1 ± 4.9 | 38.5 | 25.7 ± 4.0 | 26.1 |
| SNAC-K (Sweden) | 2,738 | 142.7 ± 20.2 | 81.3 ± 10.6 | 9.8 | 66.3 | 71.1 ± 9.5 | 41.7 | 25.7 ± 3.9 | 13.6 |
| TwinGene (Sweden) | 1,296 | 135.6 ± 18.8 | 83.8 ± 11.5 | 21.4 | 55.5 | 60.9 ± 6.0 | 39.7 | 25.2 ± 3.7 | 20.2 |
| EPIC-Umeå (Sweden) | 21,912 | 126.7 ± 17.2 | 78.6 ± 10.6 | 7.5 | 34.8 | 46.0 ± 10.2 | 47.8 | 25.0 ± 4.0 | 18.9 |
| EPIC-MORGEN (Netherlands) | 16,293 | 120.8 ± 16.3 | 76.8 ± 10.7 | 22.9 | 20.5 | 43.9 ± 10.9 | 45.2 | 25.2 ± 4.0 | 34.4 |
| EPIC-Prospect (Netherlands) | 16,434 | 132.5 ± 20.5 | 78.8 ± 10.8 | 20.4 | 43.4 | 57.7 ± 6.0 | 0 | 25.5 ± 4.1 | 22.2 |
| HNR (Germany) | 4,615 | 133.1 ± 20.8 | 81.4 ± 10.9 | 35.3 | 56.9 | 59.5 ± 7.8 | 49.9 | 27.9 ± 4.6 | 23.2 |
| KORA (Germany) | 7,501 | 131.0 ± 19.6 | 80.7 ± 10.9 | 18.5 | 41.0 | 50.5 ± 13.6 | 49.0 | 27.3 ± 4.6 | 24.4 |
| SAPALDIA (Switzerland) | 1,884a | 126.1 ± 18.3 | 80.3 ± 10.5 | 19.3 | 37.3 | 53.3 ± 11.4 | 46.5 | 25.4 ± 4.2 | 27.1 |
| REGICOR (Spain) | 3,541 | 127.7 ± 19.9 | 78.4 ± 10.2 | 25.8 | 41.7 | 57.7 ± 12.3 | 45.2 | 27.0 ± 4.4 | 19.8 |
| TOTALmain | 113,926b | 130.9 | 79.8 | 13.1 | 36.0 | 54.1 | 38.8 | 26.0 | 24.2 |
| DCH (Denmark) | 36,829 | 140.4 ± 20.6 | 83.4 ± 10.6 | 13.0 | 55.19 | 56.8 ± 4.4 | 47.1 | 26.0 ± 4.1 | 37.0 |
| EPIC-Oxford (UK) | 13,729 | 126.0 ± 19.1 | 77.1 ± 11.1 | — | 32.4 | 49.6 ± 11.6 | 22.8 | 24.5 ± 4.1 | — |
| TOTALextended | 164,484 | 131.2 | 79.8 | 12.0 | 40.0 | 54.0 | 39.3 | 25.9 | 25.0 |
| Studies in the main meta-analysis are ordered from north to south. aData on NOx and traffic indicators were available for all three sites of SAPALDIA: Basel, Geneva, Lugano (n = 1,884). PM exposure concentrations were available only for the Lugano site (n = 722). bn = 90,852 in the analysis of PM exposures. PM was not modeled in EPIC-Umeå and in two of three sites of SAPALDIA. | |||||||||