Table 6.

Adjusted^a associations of TRAP and traffic indicators with systolic and diastolic BP, estimated with right-censored regression and pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.

Outcome and exposure (increment)	Studies (n)	Changeb [mmHg (95% CI)]	phet	I2
Systolic BP
PM2.5 (5 μg/m3)	12c	0.13 (–0.80, 1.07)	0.14	31
PM2.5 absorbance (10–5/m)	12	0.03 (–0.94, 0.99)	0.06	42
PMcoarse (5 μg/m3)	12	–0.14 (–0.73, 0.45)	0.03	49
PM10 (10 μg/m3)	12	–0.06 (–0.57, 0.45)	0.37	8
NO2 (10 μg/m3)	13	–0.34 (–0.82, 0.13)	0.01	53
NOx (20 μg/m3)	13	–0.27 (–0.71, 0.17)	0.00	60
Traffic load (4 × 106 vehicles × m/day)	13d	0.36 (0.06, 0.67)	0.46	0
Traffic intensity (5,000 vehicles/day)	12e	0.05 (–0.10, 0.19)	0.72	0
Diastolic BP
PM2.5 (5 μg/m3)	12c	0.12 (–0.52, 0.76)	0.05	44
PM2.5 absorbance (10–5/m)	12	0.24 (–0.23, 0.72)	0.16	29
PMcoarse (5 μg/m3)	12	0.14 (–0.07, 0.36)	0.35	9
PM10 (10 μg/m3)	12	0.12 (–0.15, 0.40)	0.63	0
NO2 (10 μg/m3)	13	0.03 (–0.11, 0.18)	0.58	0
NOx (20 μg/m3)	13	0.06 (–0.07, 0.20)	0.55	0
Traffic load (4 × 106 vehicles × m/day)	13d	0.25 (0.08, 0.42)	0.56	0
Traffic intensity (5,000 vehicles/day)	12e	0.05 (–0.03, 0.13)	0.60	0
I2 is a measure of heterogeneity between cohorts, and phet is a p-value for the Q-test of heterogeneity. aAdjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, passive smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, educational level, economic activity, neighborhood SES (including a random intercept for a neighborhood). bEffect estimate refers to the indicated exposure increment. cFINRISK, HUBRO, 60-year-olds, SDPP, SNAC-K, TwinGene, EPIC-MORGEN, EPIC-Prospect, HNR, KORA, SAPALDIA (Lugano site), REGICOR; n = 91,574. dFINRISK, HUBRO, 60-year-olds, SDPP, SNAC-K, TwinGene, EPIC-Umeå, EPIC-MORGEN, EPIC-Prospect, HNR, KORA, SAPALDIA, REGICOR; n = 114,648. eFINRISK, HUBRO, 60-year-olds, SDPP, SNAC-K, TwinGene, EPIC-Umeå, EPIC-MORGEN, EPIC-Prospect, KORA, SAPALDIA, REGICOR; n = 110,033.