Table 3. Multivariable relative risks of different stages of colorectal adenoma among women in the Nurses'Health Study II, 1991-2007, by categories of calcium intake.
| Calcium (mg/day) | RR and (95% CI) by category of calcium intake | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <=500 | 501-600 | 601-700 | 701-800 | 801-1000 | 1001-1250 | 1251-1500 | 1501-6000 | P trend₪ | |
| Highest risk adenomaβ | |||||||||
| No. of Cases/ No. of Controls | 34/39 | 36/90 | 82/129 | 86/159 | 181/364 | 197/391 | 138/231 | 109/268 | |
| Multivariable RR§ | 2.05(1.19-3.54) | 0.84(0.53-1.32) | 1.33(0.93-1.90) | 1.13(0.81-1.58) | 0.98(0.75-1.27) | 1.00 | 1.24(0.93-1.65) | 0.83(0.61-1.13) | 0.10 |
| High risk adenoma≠ | |||||||||
| No. of Cases/ No. of Controls | 27/948 | 31/1,672 | 65/2,754 | 69/3,564 | 153/8,039 | 154/9,473 | 103/6,826 | 92/6,942 | |
| Multivariable RR† | 1.76(1.13-2.72) | 1.07(0.71-1.60) | 1.40(1.03-1.90) | 1.13(0.84-1.52) | 1.14(0.91-1.44) | 1.00 | 0.94(0.73-1.21) | 0.91(0.69-1.19) | 0.006 |
| Multiple adenoma | |||||||||
| No. of Cases/ No. of Controls | 22/965 | 16/1,717 | 34/2,816 | 43/3,632 | 103/8,188 | 106/9,622 | 71/6,939 | 70/7,059 | |
| Multivariable RR§ | 2.27(1.38-3.72) | 0.85(0.49-1.46) | 1.12(0.75-1.68) | 1.11(0.77-1.59) | 1.13(0.86-1.49) | 1.00 | 0.93(0.68-1.26) | 0.95(0.69-1.30) | 0.09 |
| Large adenoma | |||||||||
| No. of Cases/ No. of Controls | 25/926 | 24/1,629 | 52/2,674 | 58/3,463 | 128/7,808 | 120/9,207 | 73/6,648 | 74/6,775 | |
| Multivariable RR§ | 2.01(1.27-3.21) | 1.02(0.64-1.63) | 1.41(1.01-1.99) | 1.20(0.87-1.66) | 1.22(0.94-1.57) | 1.00 | 0.86(0.64-1.15) | 0.95(0.70-1.29) | 0.005 |
| Low risk adenoma≠ | |||||||||
| No. of Cases/ No. of Controls | 22/953 | 43/1,660 | 80/2,739 | 101/3,532 | 231/7,961 | 266/9,361 | 178/6,751 | 167/6,867 | |
| Multivariable RR† | 0.91(0.57-1.45) | 1.00(0.71-1.40) | 1.08(0.83-1.41) | 1.06(0.83-1.34) | 1.04(0.87-1.25) | 1.00 | 0.93(0.76-1.13) | 0.90(0.73-1.11) | 0.14 |
| Small adenoma | |||||||||
| No. of Cases/ No. of Controls | 33 /926 | 74/1,629 | 115/2,674 | 144/3,463 | 336/7,808 | 369/9,207 | 264/6,648 | 262/6,775 | |
| Multivariable RR§ | 1.01(0.69-1.48) | 1.23(0.94-1.60) | 1.13(0.91-1.42) | 1.08(0.89-1.33) | 1.09(0.94-1.27) | 1.00 | 0.98(0.83-1.16) | 1.00(0.85-1.19) | 0.15 |
Adenoma found in proximal and/or distal colon and/or rectum
β
Highest risk adenoma: advanced stage or multiple (2 or more adenoma)
≠
High risk adenoma: advanced stage (>=1cm or any mention of villous histology or high grade dysplasia); low-risk adenoma: non-advanced stage <1cm and tubular
†
Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval from logistic regression adjusted for variables mentioned in Table 2
‡
Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval from logistic regression adjusted for variables mentioned in Table 2
§
Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval from logistic regression adjusted for variables mentioned in Table 2
₪
Calculated using median intakes of calcium