Table 2.
Bivariate correlates of HIV infection, Couples Health CoOp Study, Khayelitsha Western Cape Province, South Africa, 2010-2012
| MALES | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV neg | HIV pos | TOTAL | ||||||||
| N | col% | N | col% | N | col% | IRR | 95% CI | z | p | |
| HIV-infected partner | 76 | (26.2) | 50 | (19.8) | 26 | (68.4) | 3.45 | (2.38 5.00) | 6.52 | p<0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Not married | 187 | (74.2) | 16 | (42.1) | 203 | (70.0) | ref | |||
| Married/cohabitating | 65 | (25.8) | 22 | (57.9) | 87 | (30.0) | 3.21 | (1.62 6.37) | 3.33 | 0.001 |
| Age | 1.23 | (1.13 1.34) | 4.66 | p<0.001 | ||||||
| Completed high school | 72 | (28.9) | 7 | (18.9) | 79 | (27.6) | 0.61 | (0.30 1.25) | −1.35 | 0.178 |
| Unemployed | 174 | (69.0) | 27 | (71.1) | 201 | (69.3) | 1.09 | (0.58 2.05) | 0.26 | 0.797 |
| Residence characteristics | ||||||||||
| Walls materials | ||||||||||
| bags-card-metal-wood | 119 | (47.8) | 21 | (56.8) | 140 | (49.0) | ref | |||
| bricks-tiles-cement | 130 | (52.2) | 16 | (43.2) | 146 | (51.0) | 0.73 | (0.41 1.31) | −1.05 | 0.294 |
| Running water | 126 | (50.6) | 15 | (40.5) | 141 | (49.3) | 0.70 | (0.34 1.46) | −0.95 | 0.341 |
| Electricity | 208 | (83.5) | 25 | (67.6) | 233 | (81.5) | 0.47 | (0.24 0.94) | −2.14 | 0.033 |
| Drug and alcohol use | ||||||||||
| Heavy alcohol use | 169 | (67.9) | 30 | (81.1) | 199 | (69.6) | 1.87 | (0.74 4.77) | 1.32 | 0.188 |
| Marijuana use | 94 | (37.3) | 14 | (36.8) | 108 | (37.2) | 0.98 | (0.42 2.29) | −0.04 | 0.968 |
| Methampethamine | 38 | (15.1) | 5 | (13.2) | 43 | (14.8) | 0.87 | (0.27 2.84) | −0.23 | 0.818 |
| Opiates | 2 | (0.80) | 1 | (2.6) | 3 | (1.0) | 2.58 | (1.02 6.51) | 2.02 | 0.044 |
| Mandrax | 33 | (13.1) | 3 | (7.9) | 36 | (12.4) | 0.60 | (0.18 2.02) | −0.82 | 0.413 |
| Crack Cocaine | 6 | (2.40) | 0 | (0.) | 6 | (2.1) | cell size too small | |||
| Sexual Risks | ||||||||||
| >1 sex partner past 3 mths | 95 | (38.2) | 7 | (18.9) | 102 | (35.7) | 0.42 | (0.19 0.92) | −2.18 | 0.029 |
| Drug use during sex | 81 | (32.5) | 9 | (24.3) | 90 | (31.5) | 0.70 | (0.29 1.71) | −0.78 | 0.435 |
| Transactional sex - ever | 8 | (3.20) | 1 | (2.6) | 9 | (3.1) | 0.84 | (0.13 5.57) | −0.18 | 0.86 |
| Ever treated for an STD | 51 | (20.6) | 9 | (25.7) | 60 | (21.3) | 1.28 | (0.67 2.43) | 0.76 | 0.45 |
| Neighborhood level | ||||||||||
| Any tik use | 174 | (69.0) | 22 | (57.9) | 196 | (67.6) | 0.66 | (0.34 1.30) | −1.21 | 0.227 |
| HIV prevalence | ||||||||||
| 0-10% | 66 | (26.2) | 3 | (7.9) | 69 | (23.8) | ref | |||
| 11-20% | 109 | (43.3) | 10 | (26.3) | 119 | (41.0) | 1.93 | (0.70 5.34) | 1.27 | 0.204 |
| 21-100% | 77 | (30.6) | 25 | (65.8) | 102 | (35.2) | 5.64 | (2.20 14.45) | 3.6 | p<0.001 |
| WOMEN | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV neg | HIV pos | TOTAL | ||||||||
| N | col% | N | col% | N | col% | IRR | 95% CI | z | p | |
| HIV-infected partner | 38 | (13.1) | 12 | (5.6) | 26 | (34.2) | 6.10 | (2.97 12.55) | 4.92 | p<0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Not married | 163 | (76.2) | 48 | (63.2) | 211 | (72.8) | ||||
| Married/cohabitating | 51 | (23.8) | 28 | (36.8) | 79 | (27.2) | 1.56 | (1.01 2.41) | 1.99 | 0.046 |
| Age | 1.09 | (1.06 1.13) | 6.21 | p<0.001 | ||||||
| Completed high school | 60 | (28.) | 14 | (18.4) | 74 | (25.5) | 0.66 | (0.36 1.22) | −1.33 | 0.184 |
| Unemployed | 165 | (77.1) | 67 | (88.2) | 232 | (80.) | 1.86 | (0.82 4.23) | 1.48 | 0.138 |
| Residence characteristics | ||||||||||
| Walls materials | ||||||||||
| bags-card-metal-wood | 105 | (49.1) | 43 | (56.6) | 148 | (51.) | ref | |||
| bricks-tiles-cement | 109 | (50.9) | 33 | (43.4) | 142 | (49.) | 0.80 | (0.54 1.18) | −1.13 | 0.257 |
| Running water | 98 | (45.8) | 28 | (36.8) | 126 | (43.4) | 0.76 | (0.48 1.21) | −1.15 | 0.25 |
| Electricity | 189 | (88.3) | 65 | (85.5) | 254 | (87.6) | 0.84 | (0.49 1.43) | −0.65 | 0.516 |
| Drug and alcohol use | ||||||||||
| Heavy alcohol use | 62 | (29.) | 27 | (35.5) | 89 | (30.7) | 1.24 | (.85 1.83) | 1.11 | 0.265 |
| Marijuana use | 23 | (10.7) | 5 | (6.6) | 28 | (9.7) | 0.66 | (.26 1.66) | −0.89 | 0.375 |
| Methampethamine | 6 | (2.8) | 5 | (6.6) | 11 | (3.8) | 1.79 | (.81 3.92) | 1.45 | 0.148 |
| Opiates | 1 | (.5) | 0 | (.) | 1 | (.3) | cell size too small | |||
| Mandrax | 5 | (2.3) | 5 | (6.6) | 10 | (3.4) | 1.97 | (1.07 3.62) | 2.19 | 0.029 |
| Crack Cocaine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | cell size too small | |||
| Sexual Risks | ||||||||||
| >1 sex partner past 3 mths | 22 | (10.4) | 8 | (10.5) | 30 | (10.4) | 1.01 | (0.55 1.85) | 0.04 | 0.97 |
| Drug use during sex | 38 | (17.8) | 20 | (26.3) | 58 | (20.) | 1.43 | (0.96 2.12) | 1.76 | 0.078 |
| Transactional sex - ever | 2 | (.9) | 3 | (3.9) | 5 | (1.7) | 2.34 | (1.08 5.06) | 2.17 | 0.030 |
| Ever treated for an STD | 39 | (18.2) | 17 | (22.4) | 56 | (19.3) | 1.20 | (0.76 1.92) | 0.78 | 0.434 |
| Neighborhood level | ||||||||||
| Any tik use | 141 | (65.9) | 55 | (72.4) | 196 | (67.6) | 1.26 | (0.67 2.34) | 0.72 | 0.473 |
| HIV prevalence | ||||||||||
| 0-10% | 65 | (30.4) | 4 | (5.3) | 69 | (23.8) | ref | |||
| 11-20% | 93 | (43.5) | 26 | (34.2) | 119 | (41.) | 3.77 | (1.91 7.44) | 3.83 | p<0.001 |
| 21-100% | 56 | (26.2) | 46 | (60.5) | 102 | (35.2) | 7.78 | (4.05 15.0) | 6.15 | p<0.001 |