Table 1.

Characteristics of plastid nucleoid associated proteins proposed to be involved in shaping and organization of nucleoids in plants.

Name	MW theoretical	pI	Proposed function	Occurrence/Species characterized	References
PEND, plastid envelope DNA binding protein	130 kDa	4.6# (10.3*)#	anchoring of nucleoids to the envelope membrane	dicots/Pisum sativum, Brassica napus	Sato et al., 1993, 1998; Sato and Ohta, 2001; Terasawa and Sato, 2005; Wycliffe et al., 2005
MFP1, MAR-binding filament-like protein	90 kDa	8.5	anchoring of nucleoids to thylakoids	angiosperms/Lycopersicum temulentum	Meier et al., 1996; Jeong et al., 2003, 2004
TCP34, (tetratricopeptide-containing chloroplast protein)	38 kDa	5.4#	candidate nucleoid anchoring protein	higher plants/Spinacia oleracea	Weber et al., 2006
SWIB-4, domain of SWI/SNF complex B	12 kDa	10	packaging of DNA	angiosperms/Spinacia oleracea, Arabidopsis thaliana	Melonek et al., 2012
pTAC3**	68 kDa#	4.6# (9.6)#	candidate DNA packaging protein	land plants except gymnosperms/Zea mays	Majeran et al., 2012
SiR (DCP68), sulfite reductase (DNA compacting protein)	68 kDa	9.1#	bifunctional: DNA compaction and sulfur assimilation	cyanobacteria, algae and land plants/Glycine max, Pisum sativum, Zea mays	Cannon et al., 1999; Sekine et al., 2002, 2007, 2009; Sato et al., 2003; Kang et al., 2010; Wiedemann et al., 2010
YlmG	23 kDa	10.9	nucleoid partitioning	cyanobacteria and plastid containing eucaryotes, Arabidopsis thaliana	Kabeya et al., 2010
SVR4/-like (MRL7/-like), suppressor of variegation 4	28 kDa	5.2#	putative chaperones for NAPs	mosses, clubferns and angiosperms, Arabidopsis thaliana, Hordeum vulgare	Qiao et al., 2011; Yu et al., 2011; Yua et al., 2013; Powikrowska et al., 2014
pTAC16**	54 kDa	8.9#	putative membrane-anchor	angiosperms/Arabidopsis thaliana	Ingelsson and Vener, 2012
WHIRLY1, 3 (pTAC1, pTAC11)**	24-26 kDa	9.3#	condensation of DNA of a subgroup of nucleoids	angiosperms/Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare	Pfalz et al., 2006; Prikryl et al., 2008; Maréchal and Brisson, 2010; Krupinska et al., 2014

MW, molecular weight; pI, isoelectric point.

^*pI of the proteins basic region.

^#pI or protein molecular weight was determined with ExPASy Protparam (http://web.expasy.org/cgi-bin/protparam/protparam).

^**pTAC, protein detected in the transcriptional active chromosomes of chloroplasts from Arabidopsis thaliana (Pfalz et al., 2006).