Table 1.
Demographic, metabolic and inflammatory characteristics of participants at baseline and 6 months.
| Characteristic | Men | Women | Total | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 184 | 101 | 285 | |
| Age (years) | 59.8 ± 9.3 | 57.5 ± 10.3 | 59.0 ± 9.7 | 0.064 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.6 ± 4.8 | 33.5 ± 7.0 | 31.6 ± 5.8 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 107.6 ± 11.4 | 105.0 ± 14.9 | 106.7 ± 12.8 | 0.103 |
| Ethnicity (% white) | 97.8 | 96.0 | 97.2 | 0.382 |
| Family history diabetes (%) | 45.1 | 64.4 | 51.9 | 0.002 |
| Current smoker (%) | 5.0 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 0.311 |
| Deprivation index | 14.3 ± 10.0 | 16.9 ± 12.6 | 16.5 ± 15.2 | 0.052 |
| Time since diagnosis (days) | 147.0 ± 52.4 | 145.0 ± 49.4 | 146.3 ± 51.3 | 0.747 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.6 ± 1.0 | 6.8 ± 1.1 | 6.7 ± 1.0 | 0.086 |
| On diabetes medication (%) | 33.7 | 41.6 | 36.5 | 0.186 |
| On lipid medication (%) | 66.3 | 51.5 | 61.1 | 0.014 |
| On BP medication (%) | 59.8 | 64.4 | 61.4 | 0.448 |
| Inflammatory markersb | ||||
| sICAM-1 (ng/ml) | ||||
| Baseline | 240.4 (232.9, 248.2) | 266.3 (254.3, 278.4) | 253,5 (246.5, 260.7) | 0.005 |
| 6 months | 238.8 (229.3, 248.8) | 239.2 (227.0, 251.9) | 248.6 (239.4, 257.7) | 0.968 |
| Difference | 0.7 (5.0, 4.4) | −7.9 (−14.3, −1.1) | −3.3 (−7.2, 0.7) | |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | ||||
| Baseline | 2.4 (2.0, 2.9) | 2.4 (2.1, 2.7) | 2.4 (2.1, 2.7) | |
| 6 months | 2.0 (1.8, 2.2) | 2.0 (1.8, 2.2) | 2.0 (1.9, 2.2) | 0.658 |
| Difference | −4.8 (−17.7, 33.4) | 1.3 (−14.6, 20.1) | 4.9 (−4.8, 15.4) | 0.792 |
| CRP (mg/L) | ||||
| Baseline | 1.6 (1.4, 1.9) | 3.2 (2.6, 3.9) | 3.7 (3.2, 4.3) | |
| 6 months | 1.7 (1.4, 2.0) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.3) | 1.7 (1.5, 2.0) | <0.001 |
| Difference | 6.9 (5.0, 20.1) | −42.0 (−56.9, 22.1) | −15.1 (−29.7, 2.7) | 0.552 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | ||||
| Baseline | 4.4 (4.1, 4.7) | 5.9 (5.3, 6.5) | 5.5 (5.2, 5.9) | <0.001 |
| 6 months | 5.4 (5.1, 5.9) | 5.2 (4.7, 5.8) | 5.4 (5.1, 5.7) | 0.557 |
| Difference | 23.6 (12.4, 36.0) | −10.4 (−21.9, 2.6) | 10.4 (1.9, 19.5) | |
| Physical activity | ||||
| MVPA (min/day) | ||||
| Baseline | 29.6 ± 20.7 | 20.7 ± 16.4 | 26.4 ± 19.7 | <0.001 |
| 6 months | 33.4 ± 24.1 | 21.3 ± 18.6 | 29.1 ± 23.0 | <0.001 |
| Difference | 3.8 ± 22.9 | 0.64 ± 14.3 | 2.7 ± 20.3 | |
| Sedentary time (h/day) | ||||
| Baseline | 7.9 ± 1.3 | 8.1 ± 1.1 | 8.0 ± 1.2 | |
| 6 months | 7.7 ± 1.5 | 7.6 ± 1.2 | 7.7 ± 1.4 | 0.315 |
| Difference | −0.2 ± 1.5 | −0.4 ± 1.2 | −0.3 ± 1.4 | 0.640 |
| Accelerometer wear time (days) | ||||
| Baseline | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 4.5 ± 0.67 | 0.093 |
| 6 months | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 0.425 |
| Accelerometer wear time (hours/day) | ||||
| Baseline | 12.9 ± 1.0 | 13.0 ± 1.0 | 12.9 ± 1.0 | 0.398 |
| 6 months | 12.6 ± 1.1 | 12.6 ± 0.9 | 12.6 ± 1.0 | 0.776 |
Results are presented as means ± SD, and number (column percentages).
a
P value for differences between men and women. Significance level, p < 0.05.
b
Inflammatory markers are displayed as geometric means ± SD with differences between baseline and 6 months are presented as ratios of the geometric means.