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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Genet. 2014 Aug 10;44(5):516–534. doi: 10.1007/s10519-014-9667-5

Table II.

The magnitude and statistical significance of between-line differences in secondary traits expressed in standardized phenotypic SD units (Dy) and compared to 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for Dy as computed from Equation 1 in the text

Secondary Trait Figure Sex High-Active line Control line p-value h2 F n 95% CI Dy h2Reference
Body mass (g)a 2C Male 23.48 (±0.44) 27.53 (±0.87) <0.0001 0.37 0.06217 24 1.00 −1.08 Falconer, 1973
(Table 5)
Female 18.58 (±0.29) 22.32 (±0.77) <0.0001 0.37 0.06217 24 1.00 −1.35
Gen 10 Cohort Home Cage
Activity (km/day)		 3A Male 1.10 (±0.20) 0.31 (±0.05) 0.002 0.33 0.06217 24 0.98 1.68 Zombeck et al., 2011
(Table 1)
Female 1.83 (±0.28) 0.34 (±0.05) <0.0001 0.33 0.06217 24 0.98 2.35
Wheel running (km/day) 3B Male 8.34 (±0.73) 4.90 (±0.62) 0.002 0.39 0.06217 24 1.01 0.57 Zombeck et al., 2011
(Figure 6C)
Female 9.79 (±1.40) 9.30 (±0.83) NS 0.39 0.06217 24 1.01 0.14
Open Field (m) 3C Male 45.88 (±4.41) 27.14 (±2.72) 0.003 0.13 0.06217 24 0.87 0.55 DeFries et al., 1970
Female 37.65 (±2.60) 29.12 (±4.01) NS 0.13 0.06217 24 0.87 0.80
Rotarod (s)b 3D Male 49.06 (±4.09) 50.54 (±3.55) NS 0.44 0.06217 24 1.03 −0.04 Rustay et al., 2003
Belknap et al., 1993
3E Female 39.28 (±3.83) 58.56 (±8.95) 0.026 0.44 0.06217 24 1.03 −0.89
Response to 0.25 mg/kg
Amphetamine (m/90 min)c
Collapsed (test)		 4A+B Male −43.42 (±22.74) 61.82 (±26.29) 0.023 0.21 0.06217 22 0.95 −2.18 Alexander et al., 1996
4C+D Female −84.55 (±31.02) 27.84 (±17.47) 0.02 0.21 0.06217 22 0.95 −2.23
Response to 0.5 mg/kg
Amphetamine (m/90 min)c
Collapsed (test)		 4A+B Male −1.20 (±28.57) 16.24 (±7.50) NS 0.21 0.06217 22 0.95 −1.64 Alexander et al., 1996
4C+D Female −53.78 (±17.46) 27.42 (±8.89) 0.006 0.21 0.06217 22 0.95 −2.93
Response to 2 mg/kg
Amphetamine (m/90 min)c
Collapsed (test)		 4A+B Male 70.43 (±41.36) 64.94 (±21.31) NS 0.21 0.06217 22 0.95 0.09 Alexander et al., 1996
4C+D Female 58.13 (±58.16) 59.33 (±17.73) NS 0.21 0.06217 22 0.95 −0.02
Morris water maze latency
(m)		 6 Galsworthy et al., 2005
(Table 4)
Day 1 Collapsed
(sex, dose)		 10.64 (±0.64) 11.74 (±1.05) NS 0.24 0.06217 0.96 −0.28
Day 2 Collapsed
(sex, dose)		 9.36 (±0.92) 5.09 (±0.63) 0.001 0.24 0.06217 22 0.96 1.21
Day 3 Collapsed
(sex, dose)		 6.21 (±0.92) 3.50 (±0.53) 0.015 0.24 0.06217 22 0.96 0.80
Day 4 Collapsed
(sex, dose)		 5.48 (±0.81) 4.26 (±0.71) NS 0.24 0.06217 22 0.96 0.36
Day 5 Collapsed
(sex, dose)		 3.97 (±0.84) 3.50 (±0.52) NS 0.24 0.06217 22 0.96 0.15
Total number of new cells
in dentate gyrus
(# BrdU+ cells)d 		7B Male 5313.02 (±421.51) 4173.35 (±588.72) NS 0.53 0.06217 22 1.10 0.27 Clark et al., 2011
Female 7592.58 (±758.05) 5787.87 (±684.44) 0.045 0.53 0.06127 22 1.10 0.59
a

Body Mass refers to Generation 10.

b

Rotarod refers to average latency of the 4 trials per day over three days.

c

Locomotor response to amphetamine expressed as a difference score relative to the saline group of each sex and line.

d

Total number of new cells in dentate gyrus refers to average total number of BrdU cells in the granule layer of the dentate gyrus collapsed across dose.

Standard errors are shown in parentheses next to means for the secondary phenotypic traits under “High-Active line” and “Control line”. “P-value” refers to a pair-wise comparison of the High-Active line versus the Control line. “F” refers to the inbreeding coefficient estimated from the entire pedigree. “n” refers to the number of families represented for the specific phenotypic trait that was analyzed. “95% CI” refers to the 95% confidence interval for Dy expected by genetic drift as calculated from equation 1 in the text. “Dy” refers to the difference between lines in standardized phenotypic units.

Dy values larger than the 95% CI are shown in bold and provide evidence that the secondary trait has evolved as a correlated response to selection for home cage activity.