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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014 Mar 27;1311:174–190. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12412

Figure 1.

Figure 1

DR changes to the neural retina. Over time, neurons in the inner retinal layers lose adaptation to systemic metabolic alterations caused by diabetes and succumb to cell stress, as evidenced by reduced axonal and dendritic process branching, axonal beading, apoptotic cell death, accumulative cell loss, and retinal layer thinning.