Table 2. Summary of the primary effects of the Dyrk1A gene dosage.

	TS +/+/+ vs. euploids	TS +/+/−
Dyrk1A protein expression in the hippocampus	↑↑ (Increased)	=  (Normalized vs. euploids)
MWM test
Reference memory	↓↓ (Impaired)	↑ (Improved vs. TS +/+/+)
Working memory	↓↓ (Impaired)	↑ (Improved vs. TS +/+/+)
Efficiency of learning	↓↓ (Impaired)	↑ (Improved vs. TS +/+/+)
Thigmotaxis	↑↑ (Increased)	↓ (Reduced vs. TS +/+/+)
Swimming speed	=  (Unchanged)	=  (Unchanged)
Cued learning	=  (Unchanged)	=  (Unchanged)
Fear conditioning test
Cued conditioning	↓↓ (Impaired)	↓↓ (Impaired vs. euploids)
Contextual conditioning	↓↓ (Impaired)	↑ (Improved vs. TS +/+/+)
Motor function
Motor test battery	=  (Unimpaired)	=  (Unimpaired)
Rotarod test	=  (Unimpaired)	=  (Unimpaired)
Open field test
Hyperactivity	↑↑ (Increased)	↑ (Increased vs. euploids)
Anxiety	=  (Unchanged)	=  (Unchanged)
LTP	↓↓ (Impaired)	=  (Rescued vs. euploids)
Synapse markers
GAD65/67	↑↑ (Increased)	=  (Rescued vs. euploids)
VGLUT	↓↓(Decreased)	=  (Rescued vs. euploids)
Hippocampal histology and morphology
Proliferation (Ki67)	↓↓ (Impaired)	=  (Rescued vs. euploids)
Differentiation (DCX and CLR)	↓↓ (Impaired)	=  (Rescued vs. euploids)
Survival (DAPI)	↓↓ (Impaired)	↓↓ (Impaired vs. euploids)
DG Volume	↓↓ (Reduced)	↓↓ (Reduced vs. euploids)
SGZ area	↓↓ (Reduced)	↓↓ (Reduced vs. euploids)
Body weight	↓↓ (Reduced)	↓↓ (Reduced)