Table 1.

Testosterone therapy increases lean body mass and reduces total body fat mass in men with testosterone deficiency

Study	Testosterone formulation	Treatment period	Lean body mass	Fat mass
Marin et al. [27]	Gel	9 months	↑	↓
Snyder et al. [28]	Patch	36 months	↑	↓
Kenny et al. [29]	Patch	12 months	↑	↓
Crawford et al. [30]	Mixed esters	12 months	↑	↓
Ferrando et al. [31]	TE	6 months	↑	↓
Steidle et al. [32]	Gel	3 months	↑	↓
Wittert et al. [33]	Oral TU	12 months	↑	↓
Casaburi et al. [34]	TE	3 months	↑	↓
Page et al. [35]	TE	36 months	↑	↓
Kapoor et al. [20]	Mixed esters	3 months	↑	↓
Bhasin et al. [36]	TE	5 months	↑	↓
Kapoor et al. [37]	Mixed esters	3 months	↑	↓
Bhasin et al. [38]	Gel	6 months	↑	↓
Svartberg et al. [39]	Injectable TU	12 months	↑	↓
Allan et al. [40]	Patch	12 months	↑	↓
Srinivas-Shankar et al. [41]	Gel	6 months	↑	↓
Aversa et al. [42]	Injectable TU	24 months	↑	↓
Aversa et al. [43]	Injectable TU	12 months	↑	↓
Behre et al. [44]	Gel	6 months	↑	↓
Finkelstein et al. [45▪]	Gel	4 months	↑	↓
Francomano et al. [46▪▪]	Injectable TU	60 months	↑	↓
Bouloux et al. [47]	Oral TU	12 months	↑	↓
Pexman-Fieth et al. [48]	Gel	6 months	↑	↓
Juang et al. [49]	Gel	3 months	↑	↓
Rodriguez-Tolra et al. [50]	Gel/Injectable TU	24 months	↑	↓
Frederiksen et al. [51]	Gel	6 months	↑	↓
Emmelot-Vonk et al. [52]	Oral TU	6 months	↑	↓
Borst et al. [53]	TE	12 months	↑	↓

TE, testosterone enanthate; TU, testosterone undecanoate