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. 2010 Jan;2(1):24–30.

Table 3 . Prevalence of dyspepsia in relation to lifestyle of subjects in Shiraz, southern Iran (n=1978).

Life style Dyspepsia [no. (%)] P -value
No Yes
Pickle No 355 (65.3%) 189 (34.7%) 0.004
Yes 1031 (71.9%) 403 (28.1%)
Salt No 984 (69.9%) 424 (30.1%) 0.778
Yes 402 (70.5%) 168 (29.5%)
Fried food No 91 (70.5%) 38 (29.5%) 0.904
Yes 1295 (70.0%) 554 (30.0%)
Fast food No 1033 (70.4%) 434 (29.6%) 0.570
Yes 353 (69.1%) 158 (30.9%)
Fiber (Fruit and vegetables) No 58 (60.4%) 38 (39.6%) 0.034
Yes 1328 (70.6%) 554 (29.4%)
Cigarette No 1243 (70.1) 531 (29.9%) 0.991
Yes 143 (70.1) 61 (29.9%)
Water pipe No 1212 (71.3%) 488 (28.7%) 0.003
Yes 174 (62.6%) 104 (37.4%)
Tea No 545 (69.1%) 244 (30.9%) 0.431
Yes 841 (70.7%) 348 (29.3%)
Coffee No 1368 (70.3%) 579 (29.7%) 0.141
Yes 18 (58.1%) 13 (41.9%)
Spirit with meal No 701 (70.6%) 292 (29.4%) 0.610
Yes 685 (69.5%) 300 (30.5%)
Water with meal No 445 (69.7%) 193 (30.3%) 0.829
Yes 941 (70.2%) 399 (29.8%)
Alcohol No 46 (74.2%) 16 (25.8%) 0.465
Yes 1336 (69.9%) 576 (30.1%)
Feeding duration (min) <10 414 (67.1%) 203 (32.9%)
0.004
10-20 671(69.5%) 294 (30.5%)
>20 262 (76.6%) 80 (23.4%)
Physical activity No 885 (70.5%) 370 (29.5%) 0.567
Yes 501 (69.3%) 222 (30.7%)
Aspirin No 1235 (70.5%) 535 (29.5%) 0.245
Yes 133 (66.5%) 67 (33.5%)
NSAIDs No 1055 (72.4%) 402 (27.6%) 0.001
Yes 331 (63.5%) 190 (36.5%)