Table 3.

Perioperative outcomes and cost for open, laparoscopic and robotic pediatric pyeloplasty, propensity score matched, 2009–2010

	Open	Laparoscopic	Robotic
Length of Stay (days)
Median (IQR)	2 (2 to 3)	1** (1 to 2)	2 (1 to 2)
Mean (95% CI)	2.6 (2.2 to 2.9)	1.4** (1.0 to 1.8)	2.1 (1.5 to 2.7)
Complications §
No Complications	(87.9%)	(100%)	(88.6%)
Minor (Clavien I-II)	(11.7%)	(0%)	(11.4%)
Major (Clavien III-V)	(0.4%)	(0%)	(0%)
Operating Room Time (min)
Median (IQR)	192 (150 to 225)	210 (188 to 257)	240** (204 to 295)
Mean (95% CI)	196 (179 to 214)	230 (182 to 279)	257** (233 to 282)
Total Inpatient Cost
Median (IQR)	$7,946 (6331 to 10157)	$6,082** (4759 to 9245)	$10,737** (6926 to 16240)
Mean (95% CI)	$8,594 (7179 to 8959)	$7,566 (4267 to 10864)	$12,079 (8512 to 15647)

^§Weighted chi-square analysis showed no differences among the treatment modalities. Statistical significance compared with open pyeloplasty:

^*<0.05,

^**p<0.0001