Table 1.

Demographic and clinical-pathologic characteristics of 320 subjects comprising study cohort

	Bladder Cancer^ (n = 183)	Benign+ and Healthy Controls (n = 137)	p-value*
Median Age (range, y)	69 (33 – 92)	65 (21 – 96.5)	0.094
Male : Female ratio	153/29	99/38	0.010
Clinical stage & grade
Tis high-grade	4 (2%)
Ta low-grade	59 (32%)
Ta high-grade	25 (14%)
T1 low-grade	19 (10%)
T1 high-grade	46 (25%)
≥T2 high-grade	23 (13%)
Unknown	7 (4%)

^{^}, primary BCa; no patient with a history of BCa

⁺, voiding symptoms, urinary tract infection, urolithiasis microscopic hematuria

^*: Wilcoxon rank sum test.