Table 5.
Summary of relevant research works in the field of brain-actuated wheelchairs
| BCI approach | Asynch.control | Description | Subjects | Speed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motor imagery (left and right hand) Huang et al. (2012) | Yes | Control of 2D simulated wheelchair (commands: go, stop, right, left) | 5 | |
| P300 visual paradigm combined with motor imagery Rebsamen et al. (2010) | Yes | Control of real wheelchair (selection of high-level destination goals with P300 (e.g. kitchen) and stop detection with motor imagery | 5 | constant velocity is set to 0.5 
|
| P300 visual paradigm built in a virtual 3D reconstruction of environment Iturrate et al. (2009) | No | Control of real wheelchair and simulated wheelchair in virtual environment (selection of local surrounding points) | 5 | maximum translation velocity is set to 0.3 
|
| SSVEP visual paradigm and the stimuli flickering performing at high frequency (37, 38, 39, 40 Hz).Rebsamen et al. (2010) | Yes | Control of real wheelchair from start zone to goal zone with SSVEP with four commands. | 15 (13 healthy) | constant velocity is set to 0.2 
|
| Our hybrid EEG-EOG BCI combining P300 visual paradigm, motor imagery and eye blinking electrooculogram potential) | Yes | Control of real wheelchair with seven steering behavior commands: forward, backward, turning right,turning left, acceleration, deceleration and stop. | 4 | low velocity is set to 0.1  and high velocity is set to 0.3 m/s |