Table 2.
Prevalence of less than four antenatal visits and lack of skilled attendant at birth according to socio-demographic characteristics among Ghanaian women 15–49 years from 1988 to 2008 presented in 5 years intervals
| Less than four antenatal visits | Lack of skilled attendant at birth | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | 1998 | 2003 | 2008 | 1988 | 1993 | 1998 | 2003 | 2008 | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Residence | |||||||||
| Urban | 94 (16.9) | 97 (18.2) | 91 (11.8) | 73 (9.8) | 219 (28.6) | 105 (18.6) | 128 (23.1) | 160 (19.6) | 138 (18.1) |
| Rural | 687 (49.1) | 732 (40.7) | 691 (36.5) | 371 (27.6) | 1364 (70.4) | 1007 (71.3) | 1254 (69.0) | 1367 (70.1) | 849 (61.5) |
| Total | 781 | 829 | 782 | 444 | 1583 | 1112 | 1382 | 1527 | 987 |
| Highest educational level | |||||||||
| No education | 433 (55.4) | 484 (46.4) | 475 (39.3) | 220 (29.7) | 880 (73.9) | 608 (76.6) | 825 (77.8) | 920 (72.7) | 517 (67.0) |
| Basic education | 341 (32.1) | 338 (29.3) | 300 (22.8) | 211 (18.2) | 675 (49.3) | 487 (45.5) | 539 (45.9) | 593 (43.7) | 448 (38.0) |
| Secondary + | 7 (6.2) | 7 (5.2) | 7 (5.0) | 13 (7.0) | 28 (19.7) | 17 (15) | 18 (13.1) | 14 (9.7) | 22 (11.5) |
| Total | 781 | 829 | 782 | 444 | 1583 | 1112 | 1382 | 1527 | 987 |
| Income level | |||||||||
| Low income | No data | 304 (39.9) | 551 (38.6) | 326 (30.5) | 387 (65.5) | No data | 532 (69.2) | 1120 (76.0) | 753 (68.2) |
| Average income | 112 (31.0) | 156 (32.0) | 77 (20.8) | 166 (52.2) | 188 (51.6) | 270 (53.8) | 135 (36.0) | ||
| High income | 148 (24.7) | 75 (10.0) | 41 (6.3) | 235 (43.1) | 261 (42.3) | 137 (17.4) | 99 (14.9) | ||
| Total | 564 | 782 | 444 | 788 | 981 | 1527 | 987 | ||
| Parity | |||||||||
| Nulliparous | 137 (34.6) | 150 (30.1) | 133 (23.6) | 75 (17.0) | 245 (47.9) | 174 (43.5) | 224 (43.8) | 245 (42.4) | 152 (33.3) |
| Para 1-3 | 386 (39.2) | 365 (33.5) | 332 (27.3) | 207 (19.5) | 714 (59.5) | 558 (56.1) | 620 (56.1) | 690 (53.9) | 475 (43.7) |
| Para 4+ | 258 (44.9) | 314 (42.3) | 317 (35.9) | 162 (27.7) | 624 (63.2) | 380 (65.1) | 538 (71.3) | 592 (65.3) | 360 (60.1) |
| Total | 781 | 829 | 782 | 444 | 1583 | 1112 | 1382 | 1527 | 987 |