Table 5.
Clinicopathological features | Shh expression | Gli1 expression | LYVE-1 expression | VEGF-D expression | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative | Positive | P | Negative | Positive | P | Negative | Positive | P | Negative | Positive | P | |
Age, yr | ||||||||||||
<65 | 11 | 12 | 0.117 | 11 | 12 | 0.749 | 18 | 5 | 0.477 | 14 | 9 | 0.11 |
≥65 | 4 | 13 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 6 | 6 | 11 | ||||
Gender | ||||||||||||
Female | 4 | 6 | 1.00 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 0.418 | 5 | 5 | 1.00 |
Male | 11 | 19 | 15 | 15 | 23 | 7 | 15 | 15 | ||||
Histology | ||||||||||||
Nonsquamous | 8 | 12 | 0.744 | 14 | 6 | 0.048† | 15 | 5 | 0.723 | 10 | 10 | 1.00 |
Squamous | 7 | 13 | 6 | 14 | 14 | 6 | 10 | 10 | ||||
Tumor size | ||||||||||||
<3 cm | 11 | 14 | 0.273 | 12 | 13 | 0.744 | 19 | 6 | 0.716 | 13 | 12 | 0.744 |
≥3 cm | 4 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 8 | ||||
Node stage | ||||||||||||
0 | 9 | 18 | 0.498 | 12 | 15 | 0.311 | 21 | 6 | 0.451 | 14 | 13 | 0.736 |
1 to 2 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||
VPI | ||||||||||||
No | 13 | 11 | 0.01† | 12 | 12 | 1.00 | 17 | 7 | 1.00 | 12 | 12 | 1.00 |
Yes | 2 | 14 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 4 | 8 | 8 | ||||
LTE | ||||||||||||
No | 13 | 22 | 1.00 | 17 | 18 | 1.00 | 29 | 6 | 0.001† | 18 | 17 | 1.00 |
Yes | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 3 | ||||
Smoking history | ||||||||||||
No | 7 | 12 | 0.935 | 10 | 9 | 0.752 | 13 | 6 | 0.583 | 10 | 9 | 0.752 |
Yes | 8 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 16 | 5 | 10 | 11 | ||||
Tumor recurrence | ||||||||||||
No | 11 | 18 | 1.00 | 13 | 16 | 0.288 | 22 | 7 | 0.455 | 14 | 15 | 0.723 |
Yes | 4 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 5 | ||||
Distant metastasis | ||||||||||||
No | 14 | 23 | 1.00 | 19 | 18 | 1.00 | 27 | 10 | 1.00 | 19 | 18 | 1.00 |
Yes | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
aGli1, Glioma-associated oncogene homolog zinc finger protein 1; LTE, Lymphatic thromboembolism; LYVE-1, Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1; Shh, Sonic hedgehog; VEGF-D, Vascular endothelial growth factor D; VPI, Visceral pleura invasion. P-values were calculated using Fisher’s exact test. † P < 0.05.