Fig. 1.

Effects of PAR-2 stimulation on the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in ex vivo-cultured tissues from healthy dogs (n=10). The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8, MEC and fractalkine in tissues stimulated ex vivo with (A) 25 U/ml trypsin, (B) 250 µM PAR-2 agonist peptide (SLIGKV-NH₂) and (C) 250 µM inverse control peptide (LSIGKV-NH₂). (D) The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8, MEC and fractalkine in tissues stimulated ex vivo with 25 U/ml trypsin for 3 hr (IL-1β) and 12 hr (IL-8, MEC and fractalkine) with or without pretreatment with 1.5 mM PMSF. TBP, SDHA and GAPDH were used as internal controls. Because the results were similar for the control genes, only the data standardized by TBP are shown. The mean relative expression represents the ratio of the level of the stimulated samples to that of the unstimulated samples at each time point. The error bars represent the SEM. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. 0 hr unstimulated samples. ^†P<0.05 vs. trypsin-stimulated samples.