Table 3.

Human studies with serum-derived immunoglobulin/protein isolates to evaluate intestinal benefits and quality of life

Species	Model/indication	Impact of dietary supplementation with SBI	Ref.
Human n = 8, HIV positive adults	HIV-associated enteropathy	Significant reduction in mean bowel movements/day and improvement in stool consistency scores after 8 wk (P = 0.008)	Asmuth et al[31]
		Significant reduction in GI questionnaire scores from 17 at baseline to 8.0 at 8 wk (P =0.008)
		No change in gut permeability (disaccharide absorption); increase in D-xylose absorption in 7/8 subjects
		Maintained stool frequency and consistency for an additional 9 mo (n = 5)
Human n = 66 adults	IBS-D	10 g/d showed significant decrease in # symptom days with abdominal pain, flatulence, bloating, loose stools, urgency or any symptom over 6 wk (P < 0.05)	Wilson et al[32]
		5 g/d showed significant improvements in loose stools, hard stools, flatulence and incomplete evacuation (P < 0.05)
Human n = 10 infants or children (9-25 mo)	Malnutrition	Significant reductions in fecal wet and dry weights, and lower fecal fat and energy losses compared with the control diet (P < 0.05) in relation to the amount of SBI in the diet during three randomly ordered 7-d periods	Lembcke et al[41]
Human n = 259 infants (6-7 mo)	Malnutrition	Trends toward weight gain and upper arm circumference (a measure of lean body mass) increases were found in the SBI + micronutrient group vs SBI alone	Bégin et al[42]

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; IBS-D: Irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea predominant.