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. 2014 Jan 11;23(18):2180–2189. doi: 10.1089/scd.2013.0424

FIG. 5.

FIG. 5.

A model of EMT-triggering pathways using protein kinase C (PKC) in fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) signaling. PMA induces PKCs, and then induces EGR-1. EGR-1 directly induces the expression of SNAIL mRNA, leading to the EMT process [48]. GF109203X, a selective inhibitor of PKCs, negated the PKC-induced EGR-1/SNAIL expression, EMT process, and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. PKC-EGR-1-SNAIL pathways promote EMT and cell differentiation. Dot line box indicates the process in the nucleus.