A model of EMT-triggering pathways using protein kinase C (PKC) in fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) signaling. PMA induces PKCs, and then induces EGR-1. EGR-1 directly induces the expression of SNAIL mRNA, leading to the EMT process [48]. GF109203X, a selective inhibitor of PKCs, negated the PKC-induced EGR-1/SNAIL expression, EMT process, and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. PKC-EGR-1-SNAIL pathways promote EMT and cell differentiation. Dot line box indicates the process in the nucleus.