Table 3.
Causes of Death by Period of Time and Treatment Group
| Cause of Death | Inclusion–W26 |
W26–W50 |
After W50 |
Total (n = 149), No. (%) [Occurring in Hospital] [n = 86], No. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early ART (n = 37), | Late ART (n = 50), | Early ART (n = 9), | Late ART (n = 13), | Early ART (n = 13), | Late ART (n = 27), | ||
| No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | ||
| Tuberculosis | 10 (27.0) | 23 (46.0) | 0 (0) | 2 (15.4) | 3 (23.1) | 4 (14.8) | 42 (28.2) [24] |
| Tuberculosis | 10 | 15 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 27 [14] |
| MDR tuberculosis | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 [7] |
| Tuberculosis recurrence | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 [3] |
| HIV-associated conditions | 10 (27.0) | 10 (20.0) | 3 (33.3) | 2 (15.4) | 0 (0) | 3 (11.1) | 28 (18.8) [19] |
| Diarrhea | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 [4] |
| Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 [5] |
| TB-IRIS | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 [4] |
| Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 [2] |
| Cryptococcosis | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 [2] |
| Encephalitis | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 [0] |
| Bacterial pneumonia | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 [1] |
| Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 [1] |
| Tuberculosis or HIV-associated condition equally likely | 7 (18.9) | 7 (14.0) | 3 (33.3) | 2 (15.4) | 3 (23.1) | 1 (3.7) | 23 (15.4) [12] |
| Respiratory distress | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 10 [4] |
| Cachexia | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 [5] |
| Coma | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 [3] |
| Meningitis | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 [0] |
| Drug toxicity | 1 (2.7) | 3 (6.0) | 1 (11.1) | 3 (23.1) | 3 (23.1) | 6 (22.2) | 17 (11.4) [15] |
| Lactic acidosis | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 10 [8] |
| Hepatotoxicity | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 [2] |
| Toxic epidermal necrolysis | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 [2] |
| Drug hypersensitivity | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 [1] |
| Electrolyte disordersa | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 [1] |
| Pancytopenia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 [1] |
| Other nontuberculosis/HIV-associated conditions | 7 (18.9) | 5 (10.0) | 1 (11.1) | 2 (15.4) | 3 (23.1) | 8 (29.6) | 26 (17.4) [15] |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 9 [6] |
| Nontoxic hepatic disorder | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 8 [7] |
| Neoplasia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 [3] |
| Suicide | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 [1] |
| Road traffic accident | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 [0] |
| Stroke | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 [1] |
| Unknown | 2 (5.4) | 2 (4.0) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (15.4) | 1 (7.7) | 5 (18.5) | 13 (8.7) [2] |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MDR, multidrug resistant; TB-IRIS, paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; W, week.
a Profound hyponatremia and hypokalemia in the context of unremitting vomiting due to drug intolerance.