Table 2.
Basic adjusted association between personal history of autoimmune or allergic disease and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM) risk*
| Disease† | Cases, No.‡ | Controls, No.‡ | OR (95% CI)§ | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autoimmune diseases | ||||
| Sjögren syndrome | ||||
| No | 174 | 6079 | Referent | .003 |
| Yes | 3 | 9 | 13.2 (3.42 to 50.9) | |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | ||||
| No | 270 | 10 470 | Referent | .002 |
| Yes | 4 | 24 | 8.73 (2.91 to 26.2) | |
| Myasthenia gravis | ||||
| No | 228 | 7506 | Referent | .171 |
| Yes | 1 | 4 | 6.60 (0.70 to 62.3) | |
| Sarcoidosis | ||||
| No | 318 | 9379 | Referent | .362 |
| Yes | 2 | 27 | 2.11 (0.49 to 9.01) | |
| Rheumatoid arthritis|| | ||||
| No | 208 | 6368 | Referent | .474 |
| Yes | 4 | 82 | 1.48 (0.53 to 4.13) | |
| Celiac disease | ||||
| No | 268 | 7593 | Referent | .790 |
| Yes | 1 | 25 | 1.33 (0.18 to 10.1) | |
| Crohn’s disease | ||||
| No | 315 | 9787 | Referent | .994 |
| Yes | 1 | 29 | 0.99 (0.13 to 7.48) | |
| Type 1 diabetes | ||||
| No | 207 | 7402 | Referent | .967 |
| Yes | 1 | 43 | 0.96 (0.13 to 7.09) | |
| Psoriasis | ||||
| No | 199 | 7333 | Referent | .819 |
| Yes | 7 | 228 | 0.92 (0.42 to 1.98) | |
| Inflammatory bowel disorder | ||||
| No | 343 | 10 932 | Referent | .825 |
| Yes | 4 | 111 | 0.89 (0.32 to 2.47) | |
| Ulcerative colitis | ||||
| No | 279 | 7777 | Referent | .849 |
| Yes | 3 | 81 | 0.89 (0.28 to 2.89) | |
| Polymyositis or dermatomyositis | ||||
| No | 61 | 3580 | Referent | .419 |
| Yes | 0 | 18 | — | |
| Multiple sclerosis | ||||
| No | 314 | 9365 | Referent | .332 |
| Yes | 0 | 13 | — | |
| Pernicious anemia | ||||
| No | 71 | 3146 | Referent | .401 |
| Yes | 0 | 8 | — | |
| Hemolytic anemia | ||||
| No | 94 | 3793 | Referent | .562 |
| Yes | 0 | 7 | — | |
| Systemic sclerosis or scleroderma | ||||
| No | 142 | 3848 | Referent | .576 |
| Yes | 0 | 4 | — | |
| Any autoimmune disease¶ | ||||
| None | 349 | 11 911 | Referent | .054 |
| B-cell activation | 10 | 121 | 2.78 (1.43 to 5.43) | |
| T-cell activation | 15 | 444 | 1.02 (0.60 to 1.74) | |
| Both B- and T-cell activation | 0 | 12 | — | |
| Atopic disorders | ||||
| Hay fever | ||||
| No | 218 | 7235 | Referent | .022 |
| Yes | 64 | 2511 | 0.70 (0.51 to 0.96) | |
| Asthma | ||||
| No | 295 | 9923 | Referent | .932 |
| Yes | 33 | 1075 | 0.98 (0.68 to 1.42) | |
| Eczema | ||||
| No | 309 | 9941 | Referent | .891 |
| Yes | 36 | 1291 | 0.98 (0.68 to 1.39) | |
| Any specific allergy# | ||||
| No | 226 | 7233 | Referent | .409 |
| Yes | 92 | 3168 | 0.90 (0.69 to 1.16) | |
| Food allergy | ||||
| No | 274 | 8939 | Referent | .157 |
| Yes | 20 | 908 | 0.72 (0.45 to 1.16) | |
| Any atopic disorder** | ||||
| No | 225 | 7392 | Referent | .229 |
| Yes | 140 | 4868 | 0.87 (0.70 to 1.09) | |
* CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
† Self-reported condition diagnosed at least 2 years before LPL/WM diagnosis/interview.
‡ The counts do not add up to the total number of cases/controls due to data missing by design or report.
§ Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and study.
|| Only those who also reported receiving corticosteroid or immunosuppressive treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
¶ Includes self-reported history of specific autoimmune diseases occurring ≥2 years before diagnosis/interview (except the New South Wales study, which did not ascertain date of onset). Autoimmune diseases were classified according to whether they are primarily mediated by B-cell or T-cell responses. B-cell-activating diseases included Hashimoto thyroiditis, hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis, pernicious anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus. T-cell-activating diseases included celiac disease, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, inflammatory bowel disorder (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis), multiple sclerosis, polymyositis or dermatomyositis, psoriasis, sarcoidosis, systemic sclerosis or scleroderma, and type 1 diabetes.
# Any specific allergy included plant, food, animal, dust, insect, or mold and excluded drug allergies, asthma, eczema, and hay fever.
**Atopic disorders include asthma, eczema, hay fever, or other allergies, excluding drug allergies.