Table 2.
Lifestyle factors and anthropometric measures and risk of hairy cell leukemia (“basic model”)*
| Controls, N (%) | Cases, N (%) | OR (95% CI)† | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| History of cigarette smoking§ | ||||
| No | 3998 (45.3) | 83 (53.9) | 1.00 (referent) | <.001 |
| Yes | 4822 (54.6) | 71 (46.1) | 0.51 (0.37 to 0.71) | |
| Smoking status as of ~1 y before diagnosis or interview§ | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 3998 (45.3) | 83 (53.9) | 1.00 (referent) | <.001 |
| Former smoker | 2262 (25.6) | 44 (28.6) | 0.71 (0.48 to 1.05) | |
| Current smoker | 2112 (23.9) | 21 (13.6) | 0.34 (0.21 to 0.55) | |
| Age started smoking cigarettes regularly§ | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 3998 (45.3) | 83 (53.9) | 1.00 (referent) | .003 |
| <14 y | 467 (5.3) | 7 (4.5) | 0.51 (0.23 to 1.11) | |
| 14–17 y | 1883 (21.3) | 28 (18.2) | 0.46 (0.30 to 0.72) | |
| 18–19 y | 830 (9.4) | 11 (7.1) | 0.48 (0.25 to 0.91) | |
| 20+ y | 1185 (13.4) | 19 (12.3) | 0.67 (0.40 to 1.12) | |
| Frequency of cigarette smoking§ | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 3998 (45.3) | 83 (53.9) | 1.00 (referent) | <.001 |
| Smoker, 1–10 cigarettes per d | 1795 (20.3) | 29 (18.8) | 0.65 (0.42 to 1.00) | |
| Smoker, 11–20 cigarettes per d | 2049 (23.2) | 32 (20.8) | 0.49 (0.32 to 0.75) | |
| Smoker, 21–30 cigarettes per d | 444 (5.0) | 5 (3.2) | 0.34 (0.13 to 0.85) | |
| Smoker, >30 cigarettes per d | 386 (4.4) | 3 (1.9) | 0.22 (0.07 to 0.71) | |
| Duration of cigarette smoking§ | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 3998 (45.3) | 83 (53.9) | 1.00 (referent) | <.001 |
| 1–20 y | 1643 (18.6) | 29 (18.8) | 0.69 (0.44 to 1.07) | |
| 21–30 y | 1032 (11.7) | 14 (9.1) | 0.39 (0.22 to 0.69) | |
| 30–39 y | 1033 (11.7) | 15 (9.7) | 0.44 (0.25 to 0.78) | |
| 40+ y | 1058 (12.0) | 13 (8.4) | 0.49 (0.27 to 0.91) | |
| Years since quit cigarette smoking§ | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 3998 (45.3) | 83 (53.9) | 1.00 (referent) | <.001 |
| Former smoker, quit >25 y ago | 618 (7.0) | 9 (5.8) | 0.61 (0.30 to 1.25) | |
| Former smoker, quit 16–25 y ago | 605 (6.8) | 11 (7.1) | 0.59 (0.31 to 1.14) | |
| Former smoker, quit 6–15 y ago | 635 (7.2) | 15 (9.7) | 0.87 (0.49 to 1.55) | |
| Former smoker, quit ≤5 y ago | 368 (4.2) | 7 (4.5) | 0.67 (0.30 to 1.48) | |
| Lifetime cigarette exposure§ | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 3998 (45.3) | 83 (53.9) | 1.00 (referent) | <.001 |
| 1–10 pack-years | 1502 (17.0) | 25 (16.2) | 0.71 (0.45 to 1.12) | |
| 11–20 pack-years | 1054 (11.9) | 19 (12.3) | 0.56 (0.34 to 0.94) | |
| 21–35 pack-years | 1104 (12.5) | 16 (10.4) | 0.44 (0.26 to 0.77) | |
| >35 pack-years | 1001 (11.3) | 9 (5.8) | 0.28 (0.14 to 0.56) | |
| Lifetime cigarette exposure | ||||
| Continuous | 8834 (100.0) | 154 (100.0) | 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99) | <.001 |
| History of alcohol consumption§,|| | ||||
| Nondrinker | 1395 (17.1) | 14 (9.7) | 1.00 (referent) | .979 |
| Drinker (at least one drink per month) | 3293 (40.5) | 75 (52.1) | 0.99 (0.53 to 1.84) | |
| Alcohol consumption status as of ~2 y before diagnosis or interview§,|| | ||||
| Nondrinker | 1395 (17.1) | 14 (9.7) | 1.00 (referent) | .454 |
| Former | 185 (2.3) | 2 (1.4) | 1.02 (0.20 to 5.26) | |
| Current | 1772 (21.8) | 51 (35.4) | 1.57 (0.64 to 3.89) | |
| Servings of alcohol per week as an adult§,|| | ||||
| Nondrinker | 1395 (17.1) | 14 (9.7) | 1.00 (referent) | .542 |
| <1 drink per wk | 168 (2.1) | 6 (4.2) | 1.77 (0.65 to 4.86) | |
| 1–6 drinks per wk | 833 (10.2) | 20 (13.9) | 1.21 (0.58 to 2.50) | |
| 7–13 drinks per wk | 699 (8.6) | 12 (8.3) | 0.85 (0.38 to 1.92) | |
| 14–27 drinks per wk | 805 (9.9) | 14 (9.7) | 0.68 (0.31 to 1.50) | |
| 28+ drinks/wk or binge drinkers | 758 (9.3) | 23 (16.0) | 1.06 (0.51 to 2.20) | |
| Usual adult BMI (kg/m2)§ | ||||
| 15–<18.5 | 102 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 18.5–<22.5 | 1181 (18.5) | 23 (20.2) | 1.00 (referent) | .188 |
| 22.5–<25 | 1585 (24.9) | 32 (28.1) | 0.74 (0.42 to 1.28) | |
| 25–<30 | 2374 (37.3) | 43 (37.7) | 0.61 (0.36 to 1.04) | |
| 30–<35 | 698 (11.0) | 11 (9.6) | 0.59 (0.28 to 1.26) | |
| 35–50 | 210 (3.3) | 1 (0.9) | 0.24 (0.03 to 1.77) | |
| Usual adult height§ | ||||
| Quartile 1 (low) | 1573 (24.7) | 14 (12.3) | 1.00 (referent) | .009 |
| Quartile 2 | 1606 (25.2) | 28 (24.6) | 1.62 (0.84 to 3.14) | |
| Quartile 3 | 1376 (21.6) | 31 (27.2) | 2.44 (1.26 to 4.73) | |
| Quartile 4 (high) | 1595 (25.0) | 37 (32.5) | 2.69 (1.39 to 5.20) | |
| Usual adult weight§ | ||||
| Quartile 1 (low) | 1506 (23.6) | 24 (21.1) | 1.00 (referent) | .992 |
| Quartile 2 | 1275 (20.0) | 25 (21.9) | 1.08 (0.61 to 1.91) | |
| Quartile 3 | 1786 (28.0) | 33 (28.9) | 1.02 (0.59 to 1.74) | |
| Quartile 4 (high) | 1583 (24.9) | 28 (24.6) | 0.99 (0.57 to 1.74) | |
* BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
† OR (95% CI) adjusted for age, sex, race and/or ethnicity, and study.
‡ Smoked longer than 6 mo or more than 100 cigarettes in lifetime.
§ The counts do not add up to the total number of cases or controls due to data missing by design or report.
|| Several centers from Scandinavian Lymphoma Etiology Study (SCALE) and Epilymph studies did not collect any information on alcohol consumption.