Table 5.
Sex-specific key findings (“basic model”)*
| Male | Female | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls, N (%) | Cases, N (%) | OR (95% CI)† | P | Controls, N (%) | Cases, N (%) | OR (95% CI)† | P | |
| History of cigarette smoking‡,§ | ||||||||
| No | 1640 (33.9) | 63 (52.1) | 1.00 (referent) | <0.001 | 2358 (59.0) | 20 (60.6) | 1.00 (referent) | .553 |
| Yes | 3188 (65.9) | 58 (47.9) | 0.45 (0.31 to 0.65) | 1634 (40.9) | 13 (39.4) | 0.80 (0.39 to 1.67) | ||
| Lifetime cigarette exposure§ | ||||||||
| Nonsmoker | 1640 (33.9) | 63 (52.1) | 1.00 (referent) | <0.001 | 2358 (59.0) | 20 (60.6) | 1.00 (referent) | .976 |
| 1–10 pack-years | 793 (16.4) | 20 (16.5) | 0.68 (0.41 to 1.14) | 709 (17.8) | 5 (15.2) | 0.76 (0.28 to 2.08) | ||
| 11–20 pack-years | 694 (14.3) | 16 (13.2) | 0.51 (0.29 to 0.90) | 360 (9.0) | 3 (9.1) | 0.82 (0.23 to 2.83) | ||
| 21–35 pack-years | 743 (15.4) | 13 (10.7) | 0.39 (0.21 to 0.71) | 361 (9.0) | 3 (9.1) | 0.79 (0.23 to 2.76) | ||
| >35 pack-years | 852 (17.6) | 8 (6.6) | 0.24 (0.11 to 0.51) | 149 (3.7) | 1 (3.0) | 0.68 (0.09 to 5.18) | ||
| Usual adult height§,|| | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 (low) | 917 (26.0) | 12 (12.8) | 1.00 (referent) | 0.029 | 656 (23.1) | 2 (10.0) | 1.00 (referent) | .074 |
| Quartile 2 | 1014 (28.7) | 25 (26.6) | 1.62 (0.80 to 3.30) | 592 (20.9) | 3 (15.0) | 1.54 (0.25 to 9.43) | ||
| Quartile 3 | 694 (19.7) | 21 (22.3) | 1.97 (0.94 to 4.14) | 682 (24.0) | 10 (50.0) | 5.24 (1.09 to 25.19) | ||
| Quartile 4 (high) | 810 (22.9) | 32 (34.0) | 2.78 (1.36 to 5.68) | 785 (27.7) | 5 (25.0) | 2.36 (0.43 to 13.14) | ||
| Farming¶ | ||||||||
| Ever lived or worked on a farm§ | ||||||||
| No | 1786 (58.1) | 39 (57.4) | 1.00 (referent) | 0.068 | 1576 (61.2) | 16 (69.6) | 1.00 (referent) | .256 |
| Yes | 1250 (40.7) | 27 (39.7) | 1.68 (0.97 to 2.91) | 965 (37.5) | 6 (26.1) | 1.83 (0.68 to 4.94) | ||
| Occupation as a farmer# | ||||||||
| Ever worked as a mixed animal and crop farmer§ | ||||||||
| No | 2691 (87.6) | 52 (76.5) | 1.00 (referent) | 0.009 | 2385 (92.7) | 20 (87.0) | 1.00 (referent) | .225 |
| Yes | 381 (12.4) | 16 (23.5) | 2.34 (1.29 to 4.26) | 188 (7.3) | 3 (13.0) | 2.36 (0.67 to 8.38) | ||
| Duration as a mixed animal and crop farmer§ | ||||||||
| Never | 2691 (87.6) | 52 (76.5) | 1.00 (referent) | 0.025 | 2385 (92.7) | 20 (87.0) | 1.00 (referent) | .273 |
| 1–10 y | 194 (6.3) | 7 (10.3) | 1.93 (0.85 to 4.39) | 93 (3.6) | 1 (4.3) | 1.22 (0.16 to 9.52) | ||
| >10 y | 187 (6.1) | 9 (13.2) | 2.84 (1.32% to 6.10%) | 95 (3.7) | 2 (8.7) | 4.48 (0.93 to 21.54) | ||
* CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; SES = socioeconomic status.
† Adjusted for age, sex, race and/or ethnicity, study, and SES.
‡ Smoked less than 6 mo or less than 100 cigarettes in lifetime.
§ The counts do not add up to the total number of cases or controls due to data missing by design or report.
|| Height cut points for males (Q1-2: 172; Q2-3: 177.8; Q3-4: 182) and for females (Q1-2: 159; Q2-3: 163; Q3-4: 168).
¶ Self-reported exposure to farming as a residence or work.
# Exposure measured from self-reported job history.