Table 4.

Fixed effects regression results for the change in depressive and anxious symptoms by interpersonal violence (IPV) groups and demographic, economic, and mediating variables.

	Depressive symptoms						Anxious symptoms
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	β	SE(β)	β	SE(β)	β	SE(β)	β	SE(β)	β	SE(β)	β	SE(β)
IPV groups
No violence or control, stable	0.22^**	0.07	0.17^*	0.08	0.17^*	0.08	0.04	0.05	0.00	0.06	0.00	0.06
Controlling-only, stable	0.21^**	0.07	0.16^*	0.07	0.16^*	0.07	0.10^*	0.05	0.07	0.05	0.06	0.05
Violent and controlling, stable	1.08^***	0.24	0.96^***	0.24	0.94^***	0.25	0.24	0.18	0.20	0.18	0.17	0.18
Violent/controlling, dissolved^a	0.58^***	0.13	0.46^**	0.15	0.45^**	0.15	0.07	0.10	−0.02	0.11	−0.02	0.11
No violence or control, dissolved	0.48^***	0.13	0.44^**	0.14	0.43^**	0.14	0.30^**	0.10	0.25^*	0.10	0.24^*	0.10
Demographic and economic variables
Mothers employment			−0.11	0.08	−0.10	0.08			−0.19^**	0.06	−0.19^**	0.06
Fathers work/school status			−0.17	0.11	−0.16	0.11			−0.27^***	0.08	−0.27^***	0.08
Mother in school			−0.18⁺	0.10	−0.18⁺	0.10			−0.10	0.07	−0.10	0.07
Mother completed education			0.17	0.12	0.17	0.12			0.14	0.09	0.14	0.09
Number of children			0.16^*	0.07	0.16^*	0.07			0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
Welfare use in past year			0.08	0.12	0.07	0.12			−0.19^*	0.09	−0.20^*	0.09
Support variables
Perceived social support					−0.07^*	0.03					−0.03	0.02
Religious involvement					0.00	0.03					0.03	0.02
Constant	0.71^***	0.03	0.62^***	0.19	0.94^***	0.24	0.53^***	0.02	0.80^***	0.14	0.86^***	0.18
N	2355		2351		2351		2355		2351		2351
R² within	0.03		0.03		0.04		0.01		0.02		0.02
R² between	0.04		0.02		0.04		0.01		0.00		0.01
F-statistic	14.52^***		7.17^***		6.52^***		3.32^***		4.11^***		3.73^***

Mothers in this group could be violent, controlling, or violent and controlling but did not dissolve at either wave.

⁺

p < 0.10.

p < 0.05.

^**

p < 0.01.

^***

p < 0.001.