Table 4.
Depressive symptoms |
Anxious symptoms |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
|||||||
β | SE(β) | β | SE(β) | β | SE(β) | β | SE(β) | β | SE(β) | β | SE(β) | |
IPV groups | ||||||||||||
No violence or control, stable | 0.22** | 0.07 | 0.17* | 0.08 | 0.17* | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.06 |
Controlling-only, stable | 0.21** | 0.07 | 0.16* | 0.07 | 0.16* | 0.07 | 0.10* | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 |
Violent and controlling, stable | 1.08*** | 0.24 | 0.96*** | 0.24 | 0.94*** | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
Violent/controlling, dissolveda | 0.58*** | 0.13 | 0.46** | 0.15 | 0.45** | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.10 | −0.02 | 0.11 | −0.02 | 0.11 |
No violence or control, dissolved | 0.48*** | 0.13 | 0.44** | 0.14 | 0.43** | 0.14 | 0.30** | 0.10 | 0.25* | 0.10 | 0.24* | 0.10 |
Demographic and economic variables | ||||||||||||
Mothers employment | −0.11 | 0.08 | −0.10 | 0.08 | −0.19** | 0.06 | −0.19** | 0.06 | ||||
Fathers work/school status | −0.17 | 0.11 | −0.16 | 0.11 | −0.27*** | 0.08 | −0.27*** | 0.08 | ||||
Mother in school | −0.18+ | 0.10 | −0.18+ | 0.10 | −0.10 | 0.07 | −0.10 | 0.07 | ||||
Mother completed education | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.09 | ||||
Number of children | 0.16* | 0.07 | 0.16* | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | ||||
Welfare use in past year | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.12 | −0.19* | 0.09 | −0.20* | 0.09 | ||||
Support variables | ||||||||||||
Perceived social support | −0.07* | 0.03 | −0.03 | 0.02 | ||||||||
Religious involvement | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | ||||||||
Constant | 0.71*** | 0.03 | 0.62*** | 0.19 | 0.94*** | 0.24 | 0.53*** | 0.02 | 0.80*** | 0.14 | 0.86*** | 0.18 |
N | 2355 | 2351 | 2351 | 2355 | 2351 | 2351 | ||||||
R2 within | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | ||||||
R2 between | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||||
F-statistic | 14.52*** | 7.17*** | 6.52*** | 3.32*** | 4.11*** | 3.73*** |
Mothers in this group could be violent, controlling, or violent and controlling but did not dissolve at either wave.
p < 0.10.
p < 0.05.
p < 0.01.
p < 0.001.