Table 1. Heart failure ionic remodeling.

Ionic Parameter modified	% in the HF model compared to the normal model		Experimental conditions
	GPB model	ORd model
INaL	200%	180%	Isolated cardiomyocytes from LV mid-myocardium of failing dog hearts [88] Whole cell voltage clamp (room temperature) [3]
τhL	200%	180%	Isolated cardiomyocytes from LV mid-myocardium of failing dog hearts [88] Whole cell voltage clamp (room temperature) [3]
Ito	40%	40%	Isolated cardiomyocytes from LV mid-myocardium of failing human hearts. Whole cell voltage clamp (room temperature) [4]
IK1	68%	68%	Review article. Several species [5]
INaK	90%	70%	Measurements of human myocardial [7] Na,K-ATPase concentration in failing hearts [5]Review article. Several species [6]
INab	0	100%	Simulation of human HF [89]
ICab	153%		Simulation of human HF [89]
INCX	175%	175%	Simulation of human HF [90]
JSERCA	50%	50%	Isolated cardiomyocytes from LV of failing human hearts. Measurements of Ca2+uptake rates by the SR (37°C) [8]
Ileak	300%	130%	Review article [9]
EC50SR	89%		Review article [10]Isolated cardiomyocytes from LV of failing rabbit hearts. Measurements of RyR sensitivity to SR Ca2+ [91]
CaMKa		150%	Review article [10]. Transgenic mice [11]
Jrel,NP,∞ Ca2+sensitivity		80%	Review article [92]

Changes in original Grandi et al. (GPB) [34] and O'Hara et al. (ORd) [35] models to simulate heart failure (HF) phenotype. The modified parameters are: the late Na⁺ current (I_NaL), the time constant of inactivation of the I_NaL (τ _hL), the transient outward K⁺ current (I_to), the inward rectifier K⁺ current (I_K1), the Na⁺/K⁺ pump current (I_NaK), the background Ca²⁺ current (I_Cab), the Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger (I_NCX), the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca²⁺ pump (J_SERCA), the SR Ca²⁺ leak current (I_leak), the Ca²⁺ sensitivity of SR Ca²⁺ fluxes (EC_50SR), the Ca⁺²calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and the non-phosphorylated Ca²⁺ release, via ryanodine receptors (J_rel,NP,∞).