Table 1. Baseline characteristics of 2,197 Chinese with type 2 diabetes with and without asymptomatic MCA stenosis.
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 2197) | MCA stenosis (n = 272) | No MCA stenosis (n = 1925) | p-value* |
| Age, years | 55.4 (11.3) | 59.3 (10.8) | 54.8 (11.3) | <0.001† |
| Male, n(%) | 896 (40.8) | 102 (37.5) | 794 (41.2) | 0.24‡ |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.9 (3.7) | 24.4 (3.6) | 24.9 (3.7) | 0.03† |
| Waist circumference, cm | 84.6 (9.6) | 83.6 (9.7) | 84.7 (9.6) | 0.11† |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 138.4 (21.5) | 147.4 (23.1) | 137.2 (21.0) | <0.001† |
| Dystolic blood pressure, mmHg | 78.9 (11.4) | 78.7 (11.9) | 78.9 (11.3) | 0.82† |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.6 (1.1) | 5.8 (1.3) | 5.6 (1.1) | 0.02† |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l | 1.8 (1.6) | 1.7 (1.4) | 1.8 (1.7) | 0.42† |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.8 (1.1) | 3.6 (0.9) | 0.003† |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 1.26 (0.36) | 1.27 (0.35) | 1.26 (0.36) | 0.77† |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/l | 9.06 (3.5) | 9.06 (3.3) | 9.06 (3.5) | 0.99† |
| HbA1c, % | 7.9 (1.9) | 7.9 (1.8) | 7.8 (1.9) | 0.51† |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 62.3 (20.3) | 63.2 (19.8) | 62.1 (20.4) | 0.44† |
| Medical history, n(%) | ||||
| Smoking | 599 (27.3) | 80 (29.4) | 519 (27.0) | 0.40‡ |
| Diabetes duration, mo. | 81.1 (72.9) | 99.8 (79.5) | 78.5 (71.5) | <0.001† |
| Hypertension | 1155 (52.6) | 195 (71.7) | 960 (49.9) | <0.001‡ |
| IHD history | 62 (2.8) | 16 (5.9) | 46 (2.4) | 0.001‡ |
| Albuminuria | 659 (30.0) | 104 (39.4) | 555 (29.7) | 0.001‡ |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 46 (2.1) | 14 (5.3) | 32 (1.7) | <0.001‡ |
| Retinopathy | 506 (23.0) | 96 (35.3) | 410 (21.3) | <0.001‡ |
| Medication, n(%) | ||||
| Hypoglycemic therapy | 1901 (86.5) | 250 (91.9) | 1651 (85.9) | 0.007‡ |
| Aspirin | 32 (1.5) | 11 (4.0) | 21 (1.1) | <0.001‡ |
| Antihypertensive therapy | 423 (19.3) | 75 (27.6) | 348 (18.1) | <0.001‡ |
| Statin | 112 (5.1) | 22 (8.1) | 90 (4.7) | 0.02‡ |
Data are mean ± SD or n (%).
BMI, body mass index; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MCA, middle cerebral artery; IHD: ischemic heart disease.
Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or the use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, or other antihypertensive drugs.
*P values refer to comparisons between groups with and without MCA stenosis.
†
From independent-samples t test.
‡
From χ2-squared test.