Table 3. Summary of results of the review of offset frameworks by country.

	Brazil	Colombia	Mexico	Peru
Offset goal	Balancing project impact on protected areas with equivalent gains on the SNUC	Biodiversity no-net-loss	Balancing land-use change of forests with equivalent forest gains	Biodiversity no-net-loss or net-gain
Offset currency	Finance-based	Area	Forest area and restoration cost	Area
Equivalence	Does not prioritize in-kind	In-kind	Since the money goes into a fund, equivalency is supposed but not monitored	In-kind
Offset timing	Payment shall be made within 10 days from the date the ToC are signed. Direct implementation by the developer shall be done within 120 days from that date (deadline can be extended)			When environmental license is approved
Time lag				Allows for the use of CBs to reduce losses due to time lags
Offsets longevity	Considered permanent, as they benefit the SNUC	For the length of the project		For the duration of impacts
Uncertainty				Allows for the use of CBs to reduce uncertainty
Thresholds		Sets exclusion areas
Additionality				Requires demonstrable gains
Link to landscape-level conservation goals	Linked to the SNUC	Coordinates with country's conservation portfolio		Foresees coordination with national conservation priorities
Offset monitoring		Requires comparing results against base line
Transparency	Offset projects and license applications shall be made public	A public register of offset places will be set		A public register of offset places will be set

SNUC: National System of Protected Areas in Brazil; ToC: Terms of Commitment; CBs: conservation banks.