TABLE. Summary of previous studies reporting naturally-acquired IgG antibody responses to Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein (PvDBP)a .

Region [city/state (n)]	Time of malaria exposure [months (m) or years (y)]	Frequency of responders - ELISA (%)	Recombinant PvDBPb	Subjects with inhibitory antibodiesc (%)	References
Latin America (low transmission)
Brazilian Amazon
Belém/Pará (36)	< 1 m	14	II-IV	0	Ceravolo et al. (2005, 2008)
Terra Nova do Norte/Mato Grosso (47)	10 y	38	-	12/87 (14)
Apiacás/Mato Grosso (37)	17 y	65	-
Buritis/Rondônia (30)	7 y	43	II	NA	Tran et al. (2005)
Colina/Rondônia (87)	21 y	70	-	NA
Ribeirinha/Rondônia (177)	28 y	70	-	NA
Several areas/Pará (220)	-	44.5	II	NA	Barbedo et al. (2007)
Granada/Acre (≈360)	14 y	9-18.6	II-IV	14-16/50 (28-32)	Souza-Silva et al. (2010)
Rio Pardo/Amazonas (432)	19 y	49.5	II-IV	NA	Kano et al. (2012)
Colombia
Pacific Coast/Valle (92)	-	40.2	II-IV	NA	Michon et al. (1998)
Pacific Coast/Chocó and Valle (214)	-	≈8-12	II	NA	Herrera et al. (2005)
Caribbean Coast/Antioquia (185)	> 5 y	9	II	NA	Maestre et al. (2010)
Western Pacific
Papua New Guinea (high transmission)
Madang (100)	-	60	II-IV	NA	Fraser et al. (1997)
Liksul/Madang (551)	-	80	II-IV and II	NA	Xainli et al. (2003)
Mugil and Megiar/Madang (206)	-	72	II	58/206 (28)	King et al. (2008), Cole-Tobian et al. (2009)

a: previous studies not included here: Ceravolo et al. (2009), performed with samples from a small outbreak outside endemic area of Brazil, and Chootong et al. (2012), which only analysed acutely infected patients; b: region of the recombinant PvDBP used in the studies [the PvDBP Sal-1 variant was used in all studies; other variants were used by Ceravolo et al. (2008) and King et al. (2008)]; c: > 50% inhibitory activity; NA: not available.