Table 2.
Outline of topics and themes
| Topic 1: Who are women prisoners with COD? How specific are their treatment needs? |
| Theme 1: They are a vulnerable population |
| Theme 2: Their needs differ from those of women with substance use disorder alone |
| Theme 3: Their needs differ from those of men |
| Topic 2: Substance use relapse triggers for depressed women leaving prison |
| Theme 1: Romantic relationships (using, violent, antisocial, or otherwise unhealthy) |
| Theme 2: It is difficult not to go back to old situations |
| Theme 3: Family upbringing |
| Theme 4: Trauma or exploitation |
| Theme 5: Lack of support |
| Theme 6: Difficult life events |
| Theme 7: Family responsibilities |
| Theme 8: Discontinuity of psychiatric medications |
| Theme 9: Antisocial peers and the allure of fast living |
| Theme 10: Predicting who will relapse |
| Topic 3: Provider recommendations for COD treatment for incarcerated/reentering women |
| Theme 1: Continuity of care (contact with the same provider before and after release, access to care within 24–72 h of release, catching slips, long-term follow-up) |
| Theme 2: Support (including sober support, role model or mentor support, and peer support or a sense of community) |
| Theme 3: Mental health treatment and mental health-savvy substance use treatment |
| Theme 4: Treatment addressing relationship and family issues |
| Theme 5: Empowerment and self-esteem |
| Theme 6: Realistic expectations for the difficulties of recovery/life skills |
| Emergent Topic: Systems-level barriers and challenges |
| Theme 1: The criminal justice system is dramatically under-resourced relative to mental health and substance use treatment needs |
| Theme 2: Importance and challenges of providing structural services such as housing, jobs, and education |
| Theme 3: “Jumping through hoops” is a deterrent to post-release mental health care |
| Theme 4: Need for coordination of services (e.g., case management or wraparound care) |
| Theme 5: Opportunities and challenges with incarceration as part of a care continuum |
| Theme 6: Opportunities and challenges with parole/probation as part of a care continuum |
| Theme 7: Sometimes it is difficult to engage women despite providers’ best efforts |