Table 3.
Multiple linear regression models exploring the association between stride-to-stride variability of stride time (dependent variable) and fear of falling (independent variable, with the group with no fear of falling and no falls used as reference) using a threshold for walking speed value (n = 1023)
| Change in CoV of stride time* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1† | Model 2† | |||||
| ß | 95% CI | P-value | ß | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Fear of falling and falls combination | ||||||
| No fear of falling and no falls | Ref | Ref | ||||
| No fear of falling and falls | 0.002 | [-0.029;0.033] | 0.955 | 0.003 | [-0.028;0.035] | 0.917 |
| Fear of falling and no falls | 0.039 | [0.007;0.071] | 0.219 | 0.041 | [0.008;0.073] | 0.206 |
| Fear of falling and falls | 0.067 | [0.034;0.099] | 0.043 | 0.066 | [0.033;0.099] | 0.044 |
| Age | 0.088 | [0.054;0.122] | 0.009 | 0.084 | [0.050;0.118] | 0.013 |
| Female gender | 0.042 | [0.009;0.075] | 0.201 | 0.042 | [0.009;0.075] | 0.201 |
| Number of drugs daily taken per day | 0.033 | [0.001;0.066] | 0.296 | 0.033 | [0.001;0.066] | 0.309 |
| Body mass index | 0.030 | [-0.001;0.061] | 0.338 | 0.030 | [-0.002;0.061] | 0.347 |
| Lower limb proprioception‡ | 0.006 | [-0.026;0.038] | 0.855 | 0.004 | [-0.028;0.037] | 0.898 |
| Visual acuity§ | -0.003 | [-0.035;0.029] | 0.923 | -0.004 | [-0.036;0.029] | 0.913 |
| Walking speed ≥ 1.14 m/s | -0,165 | [-0,196;-0,132] | <0.001 | -0.164 | [-0.196;-0.132] | <0.001 |
| Use of psychoactive drugs|| | -0.026 | [-0.057;0.005] | 0.397 | |||
| Cognitive impairment# | -0.001 | [-0.033;0.031] | 0.981 | |||
CI = confident interval; CoV: Coefficient of variation; β: Coefficient of regression beta corresponding to change in CoV of stride expressed in%; *: increase or decrease; †: Separated models (Model 1: Model adjusted for age, gender, number of drug daily taken, body mass index, lower limb proprioception, visual acuity and walking speed ≥ 1.14 m/s; Model 2: Model 1 plus adjustment on use of psychoactive drugs and cognitive impairment); ‡: Mean value of left and right side and based on graduated tuning fork placed on the lower limb; §: Binocular visual acuity at a distance of 5 m with a Snellen letter test chart; ||: Use of benzodiazepines or antidepressants or neuroleptics; #: Participants with impaired Clock drawing test.