Table I.

Descriptive characteristics and short-chain fatty acids levels during pregnancy

Variables	Total (n = 20)	Obese (n = 10)	Normal (n = 10)	P value*
Baseline measures, mean (SEM)
Age, y	31.9 (1.0)	32.1 (0.9)	31.7 (2.0)	0.81
Gestational age, wk	39.5 (0.2)	39.7 (.3)	39.4 (0.2)	0.34
Weight gain, kg	14.8 (1.2)	14.2 (1.6)	15.4 (1.9)	0.68
Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2	28.3 (1.6)	34.9 (0.9)	21.6 (0.5)	0.00001
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	82 (1.7)	85.7 (2.3)	78.2 (1.8)	0.03
1-Hour glucose, mg/dL†	98.2 (3.6)	104.8 (4.5)	91.6 (4.9)	0.11
Triglyceride, mg/dL	186.4 (10.8)	205 (17)	168 (11)	0.07
Hormones, mean (SEM)
Leptin, ng/mL	41.2 (4.5)	58.2 (3.2)	24.3 (3.3)	0.00001
Adiponectin, µg/mL	10.6 (1.0)	10.4 (1.5)	10.8 (1.3)	0.81
C-peptide, ng/mL	3.1 (0.4)	4.3 (0.6)	2.0 (0.1)	0.003
Short-chain fatty acids, mean (SEM)
Acetate, µM	26.3 (1.9)	25.6 (3.0)	26.9 (0.4)	0.70
Propionate, µM	1.9 (0.1)	1.8 (0.1)	2.0 (0.1)	0.18
Butyrate, µM	0.7 (0.1)	0.5 (0.06)	0.9 (0.2)	0.21

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SEM, standard error of the mean.

^*P value, as calculated by Student’s t test, compares the measures between obese and normal groups.

^†Value is glucose level 1 hour after oral glucose challenge.