Table 1.
Adjusted Mean (95% Confidence Interval) Inflammatory and Metabolic Markers by Dietary Inflammatory Index Quartiles
| Dependent Variables | Quartile1 <−1.26 |
Quartile 2 <0.71 |
Quartile 3 <2.50 |
Quartile 4 ≥2.50 |
p-value 1 vs. 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRP (mg/L)1 | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) | 1.9 (1.5–2.3) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 0.83 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL)1 | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) | 1.7 (1.5–2.0) | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) | 0.86 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 5.0 (4.6–5.4) | 5.1 (4.7–5.5) | 4.7 (4.3–5.1) | 4.7 (4.3–5.1) | 0.21 |
| Waking AUCI(nmol/L-min) | 126 (61–190) | 203 (135–271) | 118 (51–185) | 149 (83–215) | 0.62 |
| Waking AUCG(nmol/L-min) | 617 (542–692) | 665 (588–743) | 666 (586–746) | 660 (586–735) | 0.40 |
| Diurnal AUCG(nmol/L-min) | 5704 (4943–6465) | 5825 (5096–6554) | 5643 (4890–6397) | 5766 (5034–6499) | 0.89 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 51 (48–54) | 50 (48–53) | 51 (49–54) | 50 (48–53) | 0.62 |
| Triglycerides1(mg/dL) | 89 (76–103) | 82 (71–96) | 78 (67–92) | 91 (78–105) | 0.79 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 91 (88–93) | 92 (90–95) | 92 (90–95) | 93 (91–96) | 0.08 |
| Insulin (uU/mL)1 | 5.7 (4.7–6.9) | 6.0 (4.9–7.2) | 5.9 (4.8–7.1) | 6.7 (5.6–8.2) | 0.10 |
| Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 14935 (13579–16291) | 14186 (12846–15527 | 14529 (13167–15932) | 14541 (13248–15834) | 0.65 |
| Leptin1 (pg/mL) | 8819 (7074–10992) | 11552 (9241–14442) | 12967 (10385–16190) | 9626 (7768–11929) | 0.55 |
Values were logged and LS means were back-transformed for presentation.
Adjustments: CRP = age, education, PSQI; Fibrinogen = age, race, PSQI, and SPPS score; IL-6 = rank, years of police work, and alcohol drinks per week; TNF-α = age, race, and sex; Waking AUCI= amount of moderate to intense physical activity per week, PSQI, and PSS; Waking AUCG= sex, amount of moderate to intense physical activity per week and IES; Diurnal AUCG= ethnicity and IES. HDL cholesterol = sex, alcohol drinks per week, amount of moderate to intense physical activity per week, and the SPPS; Triglycerides = race, rank, sex, PSQI, and CESD; Glucose = age, rank, and sex; Insulin = age, ethnicity, sex tobacco use, and PSQI; Adiponectin = race, sex, years of police work, tobacco use, amount of moderate to intense physical activity per week, and the SPPS; Leptin = age, race, sex, and PSQI.
Abbreviations: CRP = c-reactive protein, IL= interleukin, TNF = tumor necrosis factor, AUCI = area under the curve with respect to increase, AUCG = area under the curves with respect to ground, CESD = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, SPPS = Spielberger Police Stress survey, PSS = Perceived Stress Scale, IES = Impact of Events score, SW = Shift work, PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. HDL = high-density lipoprotein.