Table 1.
Demographic details of study participants
| COPD (n = 59) | S (n = 15) | HNS (n = 15) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (F:M) | 23:36 | 8:7 | 4:11 | - |
| Age* | 67 (45–75) | 52 (38–62) | 32 (19–75) | p < 0.0001 |
| Pack years smoked*§ | 34.9 (12.5-122.2) | 29 (15–67) | 0 | ns |
| Current smokers (%) | 41 | 100 | 0 | - |
| ICS users (%) | 67.8 | - | - | - |
| Chronic Bronchitis (n) (%) | 35 (59%) | - | - | - |
| FEV1% predicted1a | 61.6 (18.1) | 95.7 (13.0) | 116.7 (13.8) | p < 0.0001 |
| FEV1/FVC %1* | 51.0 (28.9-67.0) | 74.8 (70.5-80.8) | 85.7 (72.6-101.6) | p < 0.0001 |
| FEV1 % predicted2a | 64.5 (17.2) | 98.64 (12.1) | 117.9 (14.3) | p < 0.0001 |
| FEV1/FVC %2* | 57.1 (25.8-69.6) | 73.0 (70.2-82.5) | 86.1 (80.7-93.7) | p < 0.0001 |
| IC (L)1a | 2.2 (0.7) | - | - | - |
| TLC% predicted1* | 102.3 (8.4-164.7) | - | - | - |
| KCO% predicted1a | 88.1 (25) | - | - | - |
| 6MWT distance (m)* | 387 (28–540) | - | - | - |
| SGRQ (total)a | 37 (19.8) | - | - | - |
| mMRCa | 1.2 (1) | - | - | - |
| CATa | 17.5 (7.9) | - | - | - |
*Data presented as median (range). aData presented as mean (SD). 1Pre-bronchodilator. 2Post-bronchodilator. Explanation of abbreviations: IC = Inspiratory capacity, TLC = total lung capacity, KCO = transfer coefficient, 6MWT = 6 minute walk test, SGRQ = St George’s respiratory questionnaire, mMRC = modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea score, CAT = COPD assessment tool, ns = not significant. The statistical significance of differences between groups was determined using either ANOVA + Tukey’s multiple comparison test or Kruskal-Wallis + Dunn’s post-test (for analysis of parametric and non-parametric data respectively). §Mann–Whitney U test was performed to assess the statistical significance of differences in pack-year smoking history between COPD & S.