Epithelial cytokine response to bacterial challenge. Human biopsies were challenged with a uropathogenic E. coli strain. Sections were stained with monoclonal anti-IL-8 (A, D, and E), IL-6 (B and F), and IL-1β (C and G) antibodies. Tissue sections are shown before (left panels) or after (right panels) infection with E. coli Hu734. Magnification, ×200.