Table 1.
Maternal Demographic and Infant Characteristics by Weight Group
| Maternal Weight Group | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Obese Prior to Pregnancy (n = 38) |
Non-obese Prior to Pregnancy (n = 135) |
||
| Mean (SD)/% | Mean (SD)/% | p | |
|
Maternal Demographic & Pregnancy Variables |
|||
| Age (Years) | 27 (5) | 27 (6) | ns |
| Education (% HS) | 54% | 36% | ns |
| Unemployed (%) | 57% | 40% | ns |
| Income (% Low) | 64% | 46% | ns |
| Married (%) | 41% | 41% | ns |
| Race (% Non-White) | 54% | 54% | ns |
| Ethnicity (% Hispanic) | 24% | 28% | ns |
| Parity (% Multiparous) | 58% | 50% | ns |
| Planned Pregnancy (%) | 65% | 53% | ns |
| Prenatal Depression (%) | 42% | 34% | ns |
| Drug use (%) | 8% | 11% | ns |
| Major Medical Condition (%) | 3% | 2% | ns |
| Infant Characteristics | |||
| Gestational Age at Birth (weeks) | 39 (3) | 39.5 (2) | ns |
| Birth weight (grams) | 3292 (662) | 3348 (513) | ns |
| Small for Gestational Age (% yes) | 6% | 7% | ns |
| Large for Gestational Age (% yes) | 3% | 6% | ns |
| Apgar 5 minutes | 9 (1) | 9 (1) | ns |
Note. Differences in obesity group were quantified for the following categories based on self-reported data from the 24±4 week session: Education (% with at least a HS diploma), Unemployed (% not currently working, not on prenatal leave), Income (% low income defined as<$40,000/year or twice the federal poverty threshold for a family of four), Married (% in self-described category), Race (% Non-White), Ethnicity (% Hispanic), Parity (% with ≥1 prior, full-term birth), and Planned Pregnancy (% in self-described category). Over the course of the study, Prenatal Major Depression was assessed by SCID interview, while Drug Use (i.e., nicotine, alcohol, cannabinoids, and opiates) and Major Medical Conditions (i.e., major maternal infections or other conditions requiring hospitalization or surgery, amniotic fluid imbalance during pregnancy, or neurological impairments like epilepsy) were assessed from maternal interview, medical chart review, and biochemical analyses of infant meconium. Obesity group differences were examined based on the % of participants meeting criteria for a major depressive disorder diagnosis, major medical condition, or use of above substances during the study. Small-for-Gestational-Age was calculated based on growth curve percentiles below 10%, while Large-for-Gestational-Age was calculated based on growth curve percentiles above 90%.