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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Immunol. 2014 Jun 25;62(1):54–62. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.05.019

Figure 1. Cytokine-mediated induction of TNFα mRNA in rat and human islets and a β-cell line.

Figure 1

A. 832/13 cells were untreated (NT) or treated with 1 ng/mL IL-1β for the indicated times. B. Isolated rat islets were untreated (NT) or treated with 10 ng/mL IL-1β for the 1, 2 or 3h. C. Isolated rat islets were treated for 6 h with 10 ng/mL IL-1β, 100 U/mL IFN-γ or both cytokines in combination. **, P < 0.01, *, P < 0.05. D. 832/13 cells were treated with either 1 ng/mL IL-1β or IL-1β + 100 U/mL IFN-γ for 0.5, 1, 2 or 3 h. *, P < 0.05, #, P < 0.1. E. Following a 3 h stimulation with 1 ng/mL IL-1β (pre-exposure response induce by IL-1β is set at 100%), 832/13 cells were exposed to Actinomycin D (to block transcription) in the presence or absence of 100 U/mL IFN-γ. Total RNA was isolated at 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 h. F. Human islets were untreated (NT) or stimulated with IL-1β for 3 h.*, P < 0.05. A-F. TNFα transcript abundance was normalized to the housekeeping gene Ribosomal S9 (RS9). Data are shown as means ± SEM from three individual experiments.