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. 2004 Jun;72(6):3609–3621. doi: 10.1128/IAI.72.6.3609-3621.2004

FIG. 5.

FIG. 5.

Cytoskeletal damage in epithelial cells transfected with GFP-espC. GFP-espC-transfected cells were fixed 36 h posttransfection and stained with rhodamine-phalloidin. Slides were observed by confocal microscopy. (A and B) GFP-expressing control cells (A) and GFP-EspC-expressing cells (B) were visualized by confocal microscopy and merged with cell images obtained by Nomarski microscopy. Arrowheads point to damaged cells: e, elongated cell; d, detached cell; r, rounding cell. (C and D) GFP-expressing control cells (C) and GFP-EspC-expressing cells (D) were also visualized by confocal microscopy and merged with the red channel showing the actin cytoskeleton stained with rhodamine-phallodin. (E and F) The cytotoxic effect of EspC is obvious when GFP-expressing control cells (E) and GFP-EspC-expressing cells (F) are observed at a low magnification.