TABLE 3.
Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of HIV-infected Hospitalized Children*
| NRT September–December 2007 (n = 65) | BIPAI-PITC September–December 2008 (n = 149) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in months, media (IQR) | 21.4 (8.0–38.2) | 15.7 (7.7–32.7) | 0.309 |
| Females, n (%) | 26 (40.0) | 77 (51.7) | 0.116 |
| Hospital WHO Stage, n (%) | 0.651 | ||
| Stage I | 7 (10.8) | 22 (14.8) | |
| Stage II | 10 (15.4) | 15 (10.1) | |
| Stage III | 33 (50.8) | 77 (51.7) | |
| Stage IV | 15 (23.1) | 35 (23.5) | |
| Hospital CD4-Positive cell count percentage obtained, n (<5 y/o) | 28 | 46 | |
| Mean (SD) | 19.9 (8.9) | 22.3 (9.4) | 0.260 |
| CPT initiation in hospital,† n/N(%) | 60/61 (98.4) | 139/141 (98.6) | 0.905 |
| ART-eligible in hospital,‡ n (%) | 60 (92.3) | 128 (85.9) | 0.187 |
| Final hospital diagnoses, n (%) | |||
| Severe acute malnutrition | 28 (43.1) | 36 (24.2) | 0.005 |
| Severe/very severe pneumonia | 27 (41.5) | 63 (42.3) | 0.919 |
| Gastroenteritis | 18 (27.7) | 38 (25.5) | 0.738 |
| Sepsis | 15 (23.1) | 60 (40.3) | 0.015 |
| Malaria | 8 (12.3) | 36 (24.2) | 0.048 |
| Pulmonary tuberculosis | 8 (12.3) | 15 (10.1) | 0.626 |
| In-hospital outcome of death, n (%) | 11 (16.9) | 22 (14.8) | 0.688 |
| Enrollment of referred hospital patients into COE clinic,§ n/N (%) | 42/54 (77.8) | 74/110 (67.3) | 0.165 |
| COE clinic, enrollees initiated on ART, n/N (%) | 21/39 (53.9) | 37/67 (55.2) | 0.891 |
| Duration from HIV test to ART initiation in months, mean (SD) | 4.7 (4.3) | 4.0 (4.9) | 0.563 |
| One year outcome of COE clinic enrollees (Total), n/N (%) | 0.610 | ||
| Alive and in care | 20/42 (47.6) | 27/74 (36.5) | |
| Dead | 8/42 (19.0) | 15/74 (20.3) | |
| Lost to follow-up | 7/42 (16.7) | 13/74 (17.6) | |
| Transferred out | 7/42 (16.7) | 19/74 (25.7) |
Patients were not enrolled in outpatient HIV care at the time of hospitalization.
Sixty-one NRT and 141 BIPAI-PITC patients were eligible for CPT initiation. 3 NRT and 6 BIPAI-PITC patients were already on treatment-dose cotrimoxazole; 1 NRT and 2 BIPAI-PITC patients were too young to initiate CPT.
ART eligibility for NRT patients was determined by WHO and CD4 criteria only. ART eligibility for BIPAI-PITC patients was determined by WHO, CD4, and age-based criteria. Note that CD4 was available for only 38 (58.5%) NRT children and 56 (3.7.6%) BIPAI-PITC children.
Fifty-four (100.0%) NRT and 110 (86.6%) BIPAI-PITC patients were referred to the COE clinic at hospital discharge.
NRT indicates nonroutine HIV testing; BIPAI-PITC, Baylor for International Pediatric AIDS Initiative system of provider-initiated opt-out HIV testing and counseling; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; WHO, World Health Organization; SD, standard deviation; CPT, cotrimoxazole prophylactic therapy; ART, antiretroviral therapy; COE, Baylor College of Medicine-Abbott Fund Children's Centre of Excellence.