Table 2.
Social network/grouping layer | Expected group/network layer size for living humans (‘idealised’ layers) (Zhou et al., 2005) [numbers reached when scaling strictly by three from 5-layer upwards] | Group size estimated from: | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean [minimum-maximum] endocranial volumes standardized for body mass and visual system size (Pearce et al., 2013) | Maximum obsidian transfer distances and a minimum density of 0.003 individuals/km (Moutsiou, 2011; Pearce, 2013) | ||||
Modern humans | Neanderthals | Modern humans | Neanderthals | ||
Family | 5[5] | 5 [4-6] | 4 [3-5] | 6 | 3 |
Foraging Party/Dispersed Band | 15[15] | 15 [12-19] | 13 [9-16] | 19 | 10 |
(Fused) Band | 50 [45] | 46 [37-57] | 38 [28-47] | 56 | 31 |
Periodic Aggregation/Active Network | 150 [135] | 139 [112-172] | 115 [84-141] | 168 | 94 |
Mating Community | 500 [405] | 417 [336-516] | 345 [252-423] | 503 | 283 |
Ethnolinguistic Tribe/Population | 1500 [1215] | 1251 [1008-1548] | 1035 [756-1269] | 1508 | 848 |